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821.
Optimal water and waste-load allocations in rivers using a fuzzy transformation technique: a case study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mohammad Reza Nikoo Reza Kerachian Akbar Karimi Ali Asghar Azadnia 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2483-2502
In this paper, a new methodology is developed for integrated allocation of water and waste-loads in river basins utilizing a fuzzy transformation method (FTM). The fuzzy transformation method is used to incorporate the existing uncertainties in model inputs. In the proposed methodology, the FTM, as a simulation model, is utilized in an optimization framework for constructing a fuzzy water and waste-loads allocation model. In addition, economic as well as environmental impacts of water allocation to different water users are considered. For equitable water and waste load allocation, all possible coalition of water users are considered and total benefit of each coalition, which is a fuzzy number, is reallocated to water users who are participating in the coalition. The fuzzy cost savings are reallocated using a fuzzy nucleolus cooperative game and the FTM. As a case study, the Dez River system in south-west of Iran is modeled and analyzed using the methodology developed here. The results show the effectiveness of the methodology in optimal water and waste-loads allocations under uncertainty. 相似文献
822.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ZuLiang Chen Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):93-102
We have developed a novel microwave-assisted extraction method for determining the arsenic (As) speciation in soils that is
based on extraction with phosphate solutions, including orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and ammonium
hydrogen orthophosphate. The highest extracting efficiency was obtained with 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid solution as the extractant, and this efficiency is associated with the pH of the extractant. Total
As content and As species in the soil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone
and by the combined ion chromatography (IC) with ICP-MS, respectively. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) 2711 (Montana soil) as well as to environmental
soil samples collected from the agricultural lands of Bangladesh. As(V) was detected in all the soil samples, and As(III)
was detected in nine soils of the 20. These results of extractable As testing indicate that the extraction of As species mainly
depends on the composition of the soils. The As speciation results also indicate that As adsorption is highly dependent on
the iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations in the soil. The stability of As species in the extracts was also studied. 相似文献
823.
Chronic exposure of arsenic via drinking water and its adverse health impacts on humans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman Jack C. Ng Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):189-200
Worldwide chronic arsenic (As) toxicity has become a human health threat. Arsenic exposure to humans mainly occurs from the
ingestion of As contaminated water and food. This communication presents a review of current research conducted on the adverse
health effects on humans exposed to As-contaminated water. Chronic exposure of As via drinking water causes various types
of skin lesions such as melanosis, leucomelanosis, and keratosis. Other manifestations include neurological effects, obstetric
problems, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the respiratory system and of blood vessels including cardiovascular,
and cancers typically involving the skin, lung, and bladder. The skin seems to be quite susceptible to the effects of As.
Arsenic-induced skin lesions seem to be the most common and initial symptoms of arsenicosis. More systematic studies are needed
to determine the link between As exposure and its related cancer and noncancer end points. 相似文献
824.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman R. Naidu Prosun Bhattacharya 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):9-21
The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian
countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated
with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million
people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been
affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge
gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification,
treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the
fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination,
thus duplicating their work. There is an urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research
outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new
treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water. 相似文献
825.
Asmatulu Eylem Andalib Mohammad Nahid Subeshan Balakrishnan Abedin Farhana 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(4):2509-2529
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanomaterials are now widely used in various industries such as automotive, biomedical, cosmetics, defense, energy, and electronics, due to their unique... 相似文献
826.
Rasoul Kharazmi Ali Tavili Mohammad Reza Rahdari Lyudmila Chaban Evgeny Panidi Jesús Rodrigo-Comino 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(6):356
The availability of Landsat data allows improving the monitoring and assessment of large-scale areas with land cover changes in rapid developing regions. Thus, we pretend to show a combined methodology to assess land cover changes (LCCs) in the Hamoun Wetland region (Iran) over a period of 30-year (1987–2016) and to quantify seasonal and decadal landscape and land use variabilities. Using the pixel-based change detection (PBCD) and the post-classification comparison (PCC), four land cover classes were compared among spring, summer, and fall seasons. Our findings showed for the water class a higher correlation between spring and summer (R2?=?0.94) than fall and spring (R2?=?0.58) seasons. Before 2000, ~?50% of the total area was covered by bare soil and 40% by water. However, after 2000, more than 70% of wetland was transformed into bare soils. The results of the long-term monitoring period showed that fall season was the most representative time to show the inter-annual variability of LCCs monitoring and the least affected by seasonal-scale climatic variations. In the Hamoun Wetland region, land cover was highly controlled by changes in surface water, which in turn responded to both climatic and anthropogenic impacts. We were able to divide the water budget monitoring into three different ecological regimes: (1) a period of high water level, which sustained healthy extensive plant life, and approximately 40% of the total surface water was retained until the end of the hydrological year; (2) a period of drought during high evaporation rates was observed, and a mean wetland surface of about 85% was characterized by bare land; and (3) a recovery period in which water levels were overall rising, but they are not maintained from year to year. After a spring flood, in 2006 and 2013, grassland reached the highest extensions, covering till more than 20% of the region, and the dynamics of the ecosystem were affected by the differences in moisture. The Hamoun wetland region served as an important example and demonstration of the feedbacks between land cover and land uses, particularly as pertaining to water resources available to a rapidly expanding population. 相似文献
827.
Mohammad Nafees Fawad Ahmad Muhammad Naeem Butt Mohammad Khurshed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(6):359
Kabul River is a shared resource of Pakistan and Afghanistan and is a major source of economy for both countries. It is used for irrigation, power generation, fishery, hunting, and recreation. This study explored human-induced impact on Kabul River and its associated wetlands. For an in-depth study, the area situated between the two tributaries of Kabul River, i.e., Shalam and Naguman Rivers, was selected. The focus of the study was to find out reduction in the wetland areas, its causes, and associated impacts. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in 10 villages selected randomly in 10 union councils. The study revealed that anthropogenic activities, such as wetland farming, grazing residential encroachment, and industrial development, have caused severe alteration in the wetland of the study areas. The results revealed that before the 1990s, 33.55% area of the study area was wetland. Due to regular decrease in the flow of the Kabul River System and human encroachment, it has engulfed 68.40% of the total wetland leaving behind only 10.60% wetland. This can be termed as a big ecological disturbance. In the long run, this will have negative effects on both the countries. It is therefore recommended to give proper attention to this important wetland, positioning between Shalam and Naguman Rivers and to conserve it. One of the solutions is to regulate the natural flow of Kabul River. 相似文献
828.
829.
Zohreh Mohammadi Soroush Modabberi Mohammad Reza Jafari Kimia Sadat Ajayebi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(6):374
Acid mine drainage (AMD) gives rise to several problems in sulfide-bearing mineral deposits whether in an ore body or in the mining wastes and tailings. Hence, several methods and parameters have been proposed to evaluate the acid-producing and acid-neutralizing potential of a material. This research compares common static methods for evaluation of acid-production potential of mining wastes in the Muteh gold mines by using 62 samples taken from six waste dumps around Senjedeh and Chah-Khatoun mines. According to a detailed mineralogical study, the waste materials are composed of mica-schist and quartz veins with a high amount of pyrite and are supposed to be susceptible to acid production, and upon a rainfall, they release acid drainage. All parameters introduced in different methods were calculated and compared in this research in order to predict the acid-generating and neutralization potential, including APP, NNP, MPA, NPR, and NAGpH. Based on the analytical results and calculation of different parameters, all methods are in a general consensus that DWS-02 and DWS-03 waste dumps are acid-forming which is clearly attributed to high content of pyrite in samples. DWS-04 is considered as non-acid forming in all methods except method 8 which is uncertain about its acid-forming potential and method 7 which considers a low potential for it. DWC-01 is acid-forming based on all methods except 8, 9, 10, and 11 which are also uncertain about its potential. The methods used are not reached to a compromise on DWS-01 and DWC-02 waste dumps. It is supposed that method 7 gives the conservationist results in all cases. Method 8 is unable to decide on some cases. It is recommended to use and rely on results provided by methods 1, 2, 3, and 12 for taking decisions for further studies. Therefore, according to the static tests used, the aforementioned criteria in selected methods can be used with much confidence as a rule of thumb estimation. 相似文献
830.