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91.
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93.
Minouflet M Ayrault S Badot PM Cotelle S Ferard JF 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2005,81(2-3):143-153
Since the middle of the 20th century, ionizing radiations from radioactive isotopes including 137Cs have been investigated to determine their genotoxic impact on living organisms. The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of three plant bioassays to assess DNA damage induced by low doses of 137Cs: Vicia-micronucleus test (Vicia-MCN), Tradescantia-micronucleus test (Trad-MCN) and Tradescantia-stamen-hair mutation test (Trad-SH) were used. Vicia faba (broad bean) and Tradescantia clone 4430 (spiderwort) were exposed to 137Cs according to different scenarios: external and internal (contamination) irradiations. Experiments were conducted with various levels of radioactivity in solution or in soil, using solid or liquid 137Cs sources. The three bioassays showed different sensitivities to the treatments. Trad-MCN appeared to be the most sensitive test (significative response from 1.5 kBq/200 ml after 30 h of contamination). Moreover, at comparable doses, internal irradiations led to larger effects for the three bioassays. These bioassays are effective tests for assessing the genotoxic effects of radioactive 137Cs pollution. 相似文献
94.
To be rightly implemented, an environmental policy ought to set an institutional framework (goals, rules and instruments) which incents decentralised actors to adopt the appropriate range of technologies. In the household waste management policy, the development of valorisation techniques (and particularly recycling) must be supported by convenient instruments and incentives. The paper analyses the problems encountered with the French household waste policy to ensure the takeoff of recycling techniques. At the moment, a rather under-proportioned institutional setting leads to favour the adoption of incineration with energy recovery at the expenses of recycling. This tends to create a structural bias in favour of incineration. 相似文献
95.
Sylvie Tambutté Eric Tambutté Didier Zoccola Natacha Caminiti Severine Lotto Aurélie Moya Denis Allemand Jess Adkins 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):71-83
In zooxanthellate corals, the photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and the precipitation of CaCO3 are intimately linked both spatially and temporally making it difficult to study carbon transport mechanisms involved in each
pathway. When studying Tubastrea aurea, a coral devoid of zooxanthellae, we can focus on carbon transport mechanisms involved only in the calcification process.
We performed this study to characterize T. aurea carbonic anhydrase and to determine its role in the calcification process. We have shown that inhibition of tissular carbonic
anhydrase activity affects the calcification rate. We have measured the activity of this enzyme both in the tissues and in
the organix matrix extracted from the skeleton. Our results indicate that organic matrix proteins, which are synthesized by
the calcifying tissues, are not only structural proteins, but they also play a crucial catalytic role by eliminating the kinetic
barrier to interconversion of inorganic carbon at the calcification site. By immunochemistry we have demonstrated the presence
of a protein both in the tissues and in the organic matrix, which shares common features with prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases. 相似文献
96.
Summary Experiments were conducted in aquaria to test the hypothesis that females of the snow crab,Chionoecetes opilio, release a sex pheromone to attract mates. Males exhibited significantly increased activity to water from a source aquarium containing recently-moulted pubescent females, egg-stripped multiparous females and recently-moulted immature females than to water from an aquarium containing berried multiparous females, eggs alone, adolescent males or an empty aquarium. Males without their cephalic chemoreceptors maintained low activity levels in the presence of recently-moulted pubescent females, whereas maxilla-ablated males reacted as strongly as intact males. These findings are discussed within the context of the ecdysteroid-sex pheromone hypothesis, proposed by Kittredgeet al. (1971) and Kittredge & Takahashi (1972), but subsequently rejected. We propose that ecdysteroids from both pubescent and multiparous females may elicit male search-and-clasp behaviour inC. opilio and that the reproductive biology of species used to refute the hypothesis was inappropriate to test the role of ecdysteroids as a cue in the mating process. 相似文献
97.
Renault S Qualizza C MacKinnon M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,128(3):339-349
The reclamation of freshly produced composite or consolidated tailings (CT) is a challenge for the Oil Sands Industry in the boreal forest of Western Canada. CT tailings materials are characterized by a relatively high salinity (dominated by sodium, sulphate and chloride) and a high pH (8-9). A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the germination, survival, injury and early plant growth of two grass species recommended for land reclamation, altai wildrye (Elymus angustus Trin) and slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte), growing in two different oil sand CT tailings (alum-CT and gypsum-CT), with and without peat amendment. Ion accumulation in the resulting plant tissues was determined. Our results showed that slender wheatgrass was most affected by the tailings at the germination stage, while for altai wildrye, the early growth stage was the most sensitive stage. Alum-CT had similar or less negative impact on plants than gypsum-CT. Amendment of CT with peat limited the reduction in germination and growth that was recorded in plants growing directly in CT. Based on these results, recommendations were made to improve reclamation strategies. 相似文献
98.
Foltête AS Masfaraud JF Bigorgne E Nahmani J Chaurand P Botta C Labille J Rose J Férard JF Cotelle S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2515-2522
Mineral sunscreen nanocomposites, based on a nano-TiO2 core, coated with aluminium hydroxide and dimethicone films, were submitted to an artificial ageing process. The resulting Altered TiO2 Nanocomposites (ATN) were then tested in the liquid phase on the plant model Vicia faba, which was exposed 48 h to three nominal concentrations: 5, 25 and 50 mg ATN/L. Plant growth, photosystem II maximum quantum yield, genotoxicity (micronucleus test) and phytochelatins levels showed no change compared to controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers remained unchanged in shoots while in roots, glutathione reductase activity decreased at 50 mg ATN/L and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased for 5 and 25 mg ATN/L. Nevertheless, despite the weak response of biological endpoints, ICP-MS measurements revealed high Ti and Al concentrations in roots, and X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy revealed titanium internalization in superficial root tissues. Eventual long-term effects on plants may occur. 相似文献
99.
Jacques-Eric Bergez Françoise Carpy-Goulard Sylvie Paradis Aude Ridier 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(4):951-961
Following the request of local stakeholders, a multidisciplinary group of experts was formed to implement a foresight analysis
of the cash crop sector in the Midi-Pyrénées region. The group developed a four-step multidisciplinary and participatory methodology
that defined the objectives, established a shared diagnosis of the issue raised in the regional cash crop sector, implemented
a foresight analysis, and then created a graphical summary. Three types of working groups (steering, restricted, and expanded)
were involved with well-assigned tasks. The dynamic interactions between the different groups of stakeholders and scientists
and the use of graphics and maps as a medium to identify critical areas, such as zones in which production or environmental
issues, are declining or evolving, enabled a shared view of regional problems. The main contribution of this paper is the
presentation of a participative methodology that enabled co-construction of three shared scenarios based on the combination
of five major uncertainties: (i) change in agricultural markets and international trade; (ii) urbanization and regional planning;
(iii) changing patterns of consumption and product processing; (iv) environmental issues in public policies; and (v) ability
of farmers to implement innovative tools and methods. 相似文献
100.
Testolin RC Tischer V Lima AO Cotelle S Férard JF Radetski CM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2186-2194