腐蚀性工业废气治理技术的研发及应用

这些年工业快速发展带动了我国经济快速发展,但是在工业生产过程中产生了大量的废气废液,有效处理这些工业有毒物质是工业发展需要面临的重要问题。本文在此基础上就腐蚀性工业废气治理技术的相关问题作了一定研究,以更好地促进我国经济的协调发展。     

浸出毒性鉴别重金属分析中存在的问题

浸出毒性鉴别是判定危险废物的依据之一,在固体废物管理中具有极重要的意义。但实际浸出毒性鉴别分析工作尚属于起步阶段,还存在诸多问题和难点,需要从各方面加强固体废物浸出毒性鉴别技术方面的研究,不断完善鉴别能力,使浸出毒性鉴别结果更加准确可靠。     

辐射环境监测数据合理性问题与应对措施研究

本文首先就辐射环境监测数据合理性问题进行了分析,然后提出了几点应对措施以保证监测数据的准确性、一致性以及溯源性,希望能够推动辐射环境监测工作的稳步发展。     

Measuring seasonal variations of moisture in a landfill with the partitioning gas tracer test

Seven pilot-scale partitioning gas tracer tests (PGTTs) were conducted to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of this method for measuring water in municipal solid waste landfills. Tests were conducted in the same location over a 12-month period, and measured moisture conditions ranged from possible dry waste to refuse with a moisture content of 24.7%. The final moisture content of 24.7% was in reasonable agreement with gravimetric measurements of excavated refuse, where the moisture content was 26.5+/-6.0 CI%. Laboratory tests were used to assess the utility of the PGTT for measuring water in small pores, water sorbed to solid surfaces, and the influence of dry waste on PGTTs. These experiments indicated that when refuse surfaces are not completely solvated with water, PGTTs may produce misleading results (negative estimates) of water saturation and moisture content.     

Methyl-triclosan binding to human serum albumin: Multi-spectroscopic study and visualized molecular simulation

Methyl-triclosan (MTCS), a transformation product and metabolite of triclosan, has been widely spread in environment through the daily use of triclosan which is a commonly used anti-bacterial and anti-fungal substance in consumer products. Once entering human body, MTCS could affect the conformation of human serum albumin (HSA) by forming MTCS–HSA complex and alter function of protein and endocrine in human body. To evaluate the potential toxicity of MTCS, the binding mechanism of HSA with MTCS was investigated by UV–vis absorption, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Binding constants, thermodynamic parameters, the binding forces and the specific binding site were studied in detail. Binding constant at room tempreture (T = 298 K) is 6.32 × 10³ L mol⁻¹; ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰ and ΔG⁰ were 22.48 kJ mol⁻¹, 148.16 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and −21.68 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that the interactions between MTCS and HSA are mainly hydrophobic forces. The effects of MTCS on HSA conformation were also discussed. The binding distance (r = 1.2 nm) for MTCS–HSA system was calculated by the efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The visualized binding details were also exhibited by molecular modeling method and the results could agree well with that from the experimental study.     

给水处理厂铁铝泥对正磷酸盐的吸附效果

通过批量实验和柱状实验并结合磷的分级提取探究了给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥(ferric-alum water treatment re-siduals,FARs)吸附正磷酸盐的效果。批量实验结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好地描述FARs对磷的等温吸附过程,且当pH从5增至9时,FARs磷的饱和吸附量从41.68 mg/g减小到17.08 mg/g。pH越低,磷与FARs的结合能力越强。柱状实验结果表明,FARs具有显著的磷吸附能力,在运行的89 d里,磷的去除率保持在80%以上。出水pH与进水相比略有增加,但增加量不会对地表水体造成影响。磷的分级提取结果进一步说明,被吸附的磷主要以释磷风险小的铁铝结合态存在。综合实验结果表明,FARs可以作为高效磷吸附剂应用于地表水除磷。     

纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的制备及应用

将制备出的聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂纳米化,在正交实验和单因素优化的基础上,研究了表面活性剂硬脂酸钠的加入量、超声频率、超声时间及投加量对絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响,并且考察了pH、投加量对印染废水的处理效果的影响。结果表明,超声时间对絮凝效果影响最大,超声频率次之,硬脂酸钠含量影响最小。纳米聚硅酸铝锌絮凝剂的最佳制备条件为：表面活性剂硬脂酸钠加入量为0．1％、超声频率为40Hz、超声时间为60min;考虑处理费用,处理印染废水时pH=6～9、投加量为5mL／250mL时效果较好,浊度去除率可达98．5％,色度去除率可达97．4％。     

十一五省际节能绩效及绿色距离变化

从十一五节能目标出发,利用2006~2010年全国30个省区的统计数据,分析了各省区节能效率及绿色距离的变化。结论如下：（1）依据各省区单位GDP能耗、单位IAV能耗和单位GDP电耗数据计算它们的节能量与节能效率,结果发现各省区节能量与节能效率差异较大;（2）利用单位GDP能耗与单位IAV能耗、单位GDP电耗的面板数据,确定了生态省建设的单位IAV能耗、单位GDP电耗标准分别为1.513 7tce和95547度;（3）依据能耗绿色距离和生态化实现度公式,分析了各省区能耗绿色距离和生态化实现度的变化。既是对过去5 a各省区节能效率的回顾性评价,同时也为未来5 a各省区节能降耗提供了参考依据     

回收电解锰渣中的可溶性锰

以电解锰渣滤液为实验原料,研究了利用二氧化碳和氨水回收锰渣滤液中可溶性锰的工艺,实验结果表明:当n(氨水):n(可溶性锰)为2.50、二氧化碳曝气流量为50 L/h、曝气时间为5 min、振荡时间为60 min时,可溶性锰回收率达75%以上;对沉淀物进行X射线衍射分析,碳酸锰纯度接近100%。1kg电解锰渣可回收27 mg碳酸锰。     

城市绿化法初论:概念与立法目的

城市绿化法是指调整人们在城市绿化活动中产生的社会关系的法律规范总和。它应以保障人的健康和福利、促进城市可持续发展、保障和促进城市绿化事业的发展、保护和改善生态环境、美化生活环境为立法目的。城市绿化法的立法目的既是城市绿化法创制和适用的前提和根本,也是研究城市绿化法的逻辑起点。