自然生态系统中含硫气体的产生机理与环境归趋

基于当前可获得的与该课题相关的资料 ,本文综述了陆地生态系统产生挥发性含硫气体的微观和宏观机理过程。讨论了控制生物硫气体产生的环境因素。阐述了含硫气体释放进入大气后的环境归趋     

铁炭内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理阿维菌素废水的试验研究

血清瓶毒性试验表明 ,AVM对厌氧消化产生强烈的抑制作用。AVM废水经铁炭内电解预处理后 ,COD和AVM的去除率分别达到 19.5 %和 6 8.5 % ,可大大降低废水的毒性。预处理出水再经UASB +生物接触氧化反应器进一步处理 ,当生化系统进水COD为 6 0 0 0— 6 5 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD为 2 5 0— 2 80mg/L ,总COD去除率达到 95 .6 % ,出水达到生物制药行业排放标准     

高温与超高温UASB反应器的研究进展

本文介绍了国内外对上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)反应器应用于高温和超高温废水处理的研究进展现状 ,探讨了在高温和超高温下UASB反应器接种、启动及其处理效果的特点     

锆负载型树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂 ,并在评价了该树脂对氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明 ,锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0 .5mol/L ,该负载树脂的最佳吸附pH为 3.0— 4 .0 ,用填充柱进行的动态实验结果表明 ,pH =3时的吸附容量显著高于 pH=4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理 ,当柱流量为 35mL/min(SV10 )、第二柱穿透时 ,第一柱的吸附容量为 10 2 2 8mg/L湿树脂 ;用 0 .1mol/L的NaOH溶液进行再生 ,柱流量选择为 35mL/min(SV10 )时 ,脱附率在 95 %以上。     

PCDD and PCDF exposures in workers and controls living near an industrial waste incinerator

This study measured the levels of 17 congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs in serum to compare the levels between potentially exposed workers at an industrial waste incinerator and any residents with no known exposures. The 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD were detected in serum of workers but in controls. Likewise, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF were detected only in serum of workers. The international toxic equivalent (TEQ) levels of PCDDs/PCDFs in sera of workers are much higher than in controls. Among PCDDs, the proportion of total concentration and TEQ level is dominated predominantly by 1,2,3,6,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD. We need extensive studies to estimate human exposure and are continuing this investigation.     

加热位置对沼气罐温度场影响的实验和模拟

为了使沼气罐内有一个相对均匀的温度环境、提高沼气的产气效率,通过改变沼气罐内的加热位置,找出能使沼气罐内温度场均匀的加热位置,减小罐内温度梯度过大对发酵造成的影响。用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究沼气罐内的温度场分布情况,结果表明,中部加热较上部加热和下部加热能取得良好的罐内温度场,温度梯度较小,使罐内上、中、下各部分温度分别维持在33.95、34.02和33.6℃,比传统的采用下部换热能取得更好的温度场。     

Field crops (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. and Brassica chinensis L.) for phytoremediation of cadmium and nitrate co-contaminated soils via rotation with Sedum alfredii Hance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation coupled with crop rotation (PCC) is a feasible strategy for remediation of contaminated soil without interrupting crop production....     

不同粒级的煤胶体对汞的吸附动力学

为了解煤胶体对汞的吸附动力学特性,采用沉降法和离心法提取由霍林河采集煤样中的煤胶体（0~2、2~5、5~10 μm）,采用批量实验对不同粒径和不同温度下,煤胶体对汞的吸附动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明：煤胶体对汞的吸附反应为吸热反应,以化学吸附为主,其吸附动力学过程可用准二级动力学方程和双室模型很好的描述。煤胶体对汞的平衡吸附量随粒径的减小和温度的升高而逐渐增大,不同粒径煤胶体受温度影响的大小关系为（5~10）μm > （2~5）μm > （0~2）μm。煤胶体对汞的吸附从初始阶段到达到表观平衡,快速吸附均占据优势。在表观平衡时,粒径越大,快速吸附的贡献率越小。煤胶体对汞的吸附反应速率随温度升高和粒径减小而增大。温度越高、粒径越小,快速吸附速率越大;而慢速吸附速率则随温度升高和粒径增大而增大。汞在0~2 μm和2~5 μm煤胶体上的吸附过程,粒内扩散是其主要控速步骤;而对于5~10 μm的煤胶体,膜扩散是主要控速步骤。     

Impairments of cadmium on vitellogenin accumulation in the hepatopancreas of freshwater crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinopotamon henanense</Emphasis>

During ovary maturation of crabs, vitellogenin (Vg), a precursor molecule of vitellin (Vn) needed for embryogenesis, can be produced in large quantities in the hepatopancreas and then transported to the ovary by the hemolymph. In the present study, effects of Cd on Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas and Vg transportation of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense were investigated. We also studied the impacts of Cd on the mRNA expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. After Cd treatment, the Vg concentration and the Vg mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas were downregulated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the Vg level in the hepatopancreas correlated positively with those of the ovary and hemolymph (correlation coefficients 0.844 and 0.749, respectively), suggesting that the Vg transport from the hepatopancreas to the ovary can be impaired by Cd. The levels of carbohydrate and protein in the hepatopancreas of Cd-exposed crabs were decreased, and an inhibited protein metabolism was also observed. Energy production related isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase mRNA expressions, and MT and GSH synthesis increased after 10 days of Cd treatment and decreased after 20 days. Cd also caused a time-dependent upregulation of malondialdehyde. Our findings showed that Cd decreased Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas due to partially excessive energy consumption and an activated defense system in the hepatopancreas, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism in S. henanense which is the competitive advantage of energy reserves in metabolic Cd stress responses over the high-energy flux during vitellogenesis to ensure a continuous supply of metabolic energy. Moreover, the damage of Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas caused by Cd could lead to an insufficient accumulation of Vn in the ovary and cause a retardation of oocyte development.