新疆脆弱生态区定量评价及发展对策

结合新疆实际,建立脆弱生态区评价指标体系。采用模糊评价方法,计算脆弱生态区指标的实际值对某级稳定性的隶属程度。根据脆弱性隶属度大小,将新疆15个地州市划分为5类:稳定型:乌鲁木齐市、石河子市;轻度脆弱型:伊犁州直属县市;中度脆弱型:昌吉州、巴州、克拉玛依市、塔城地区、哈密地区、吐鲁番地区、阿勒泰地区、博州;重度脆弱型:阿克苏、克州、喀什地区;极度脆弱型:和田地区。针对每一类型不同的脆弱性提出相应的发展策略。     

电子工业光致抗蚀剂乳化废水预处理试验研究

研究了光致抗蚀剂乳化废水用硫酸和含钙辅助破乳分离出有机物沉淀的预处理工艺。确定了最合适的预处理工艺参数和流程；用GC／MS法分析了废水的组成和浓度，并探讨了有机物的去除机理。试验结果表明，pH值控制在3，辅助剂A的浓度为300mg/L、静置时间为60min时，是最合适的工艺条件，废水的CODcr值从15600mg/L下降到3542mg/L，CODcr的去除率达77.4%，投加辅助剂后既提高了有机物的去除率，又改善了沉淀物的过滤性能，从而有利于降低后续工艺的处理成本。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢综述

针对餐厨垃圾厌氧产氢过程,从工艺、单组分底物厌氧产氢和过程机理研究阐述了国内外进展,并对未来研究发展方向进行了展望.研究成果表明,餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢过程可行,但影响因素多,系统不稳定,大部分研究停留在实验室小试阶段.尚需针对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢优势菌种选育、生态因子调控、代谢机理、反应器改进和系统控制模拟等方面开展研究,为该技术的大规模应用提供研究基础.     

Strength development of solidified/stabilized organic waste and optimum treatment design

Artificially contaminated (spiked) natural soils were solidified/stabilized using various combinations of commonly used additives, such as lime, cement, fly ash, activated carbon, and silica fume. The effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes was evaluated based on experimental findings from compaction testing, unconfined compressive shear strength, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Correlations of limited reliability between unconfined compressive strength and penetrometer and torvane measurements were derived. Results from XRD experiments indicated that certain organic contaminants (i.e., naphthalene and pyrene) might impact the S/S processes for a given combination of additives. The type and amount of organic contaminants also affected the pozzolanic reactions. Specifically, the absence or small peak intensity of pozzolanic product XRD patterns for a given combination of additives was a good indication that the type and the amount of organic contaminant present inhibited pozzolanic reactions. This phenomenon was tested and confirmed for actual field-contaminated samples.     

施加电压对铬污染土壤电动修复的影响

试验研究了不同电压条件下电动修复去除效率和单位能耗随施加电压的变化关系,探讨了电动修复经济有效的电压范围.试验选用重铬酸钾作为污染物,配制高岭土中Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量分数为100 mg/kg和500 mg/kg,含水量为50%,试验运行48 h,用乙酸控制阴极pH在4～7之间,施加一系列不同直流电压.试验结果表明,随着施加电压升高,去除效率增大,电压升高到1 V/cm时,去除效率显著升高,2种试验土壤去除效率分别为76.7%和89.8%;同时随着施加电压增加,电能消耗显著增加,与电压呈现线性递增和幂指数递增关系;综合去除效率和单位能耗2种因素,对于试验所研究的土壤,1～1.5 V/cm的电压是较为经济有效的.     

水环境中微囊藻毒素检测技术研究进展

随着世界各国对微囊藻毒素的重视,中国也在相关水质标准里新增了微囊藻毒素这项指标.因此,水环境中微囊藻毒素的检测和控制变得非常重要,而检测更是控制的基础.比较详细地综述了目前国内外在微囊藻毒素检测方面的各种不同的研究方法和成果;并在总结这些研究的基础上,展望了微囊藻毒素检测的发展方向.     

喷钙脱硫灰在高温条件下的稳定性研究

对喷钙脱硫灰在高温条件下的稳定性进行了研究，通过对不同CaSO3,CaO含量的脱硫灰在不同气氛下CaO3的分解规律来考察其稳定定性。结果表明，温度和灰中CaO对脱硫灰的稳定性有直接影响。CaO3的分解率随温度的升高而升高，随CaO含量的增多而降低；气氛中含有氧气对其稳定性有重要作用，氧气能使其生成性能稳定的CaSO4，因此，高温利用脱硫灰时，在1150℃以下，空气中仅有极微量的SO2放出，不会对环境造成危害。     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池启动性能研究

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池 (ZBAF)对氨氮的去除包括生物硝化和离子交换两种作用。中试装置启动试验表明 ,初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主 ,末期以硝化作用为主 ,不能以氨氮总去除率达到稳定作为启动过程结束的标志 ,而应以氨氮硝化去除率达到稳定作为标志。沿程试验表明 ,硝化细菌对沸石的“生物再生功能” ,实质是已被沸石交换的氨氮被水中浓度较大的其他阳离子交换下来后 ,被硝化菌所利用的现象 ;沸石表面有生物膜时 ,仍具有交换氨氮能力     

The effect of low molecular weight chelators on iron chelation and free radical generation as studied by ESR measurement

The purpose of this work was to improve our current knowledge of the non-enzymatic mechanisms involved in brown rot fungal decay of wood, but also to improve our understanding of chelator-mediated reactions that may occur in other biological systems where low pH conditions may prevail. Several key steps (iron chelation and reduction) during early non-enzymatic wood decay processes have been studied by using electron spin resonance (ESR). It has been proposed that low molecular weight chelators as well as Fenton reagents are involved in brown rot decay, at least in early non-enzymatic stages. In this work, the binding between a catecholate model chelator and ferric iron was studied by ESR spectroscopy. The effects of the model chelator, Fenton reagents, as well as the reaction conditions on free radical generation were also studied using ESR spin-trapping techniques. The results indicate: (1) The relative quantity of the chelator-iron complex can be determined by measurement of the intensities of the characteristic g = 4.3 ESR signal. (2) The effects of the chelator:iron ratio, the pH, and other reaction parameters on the hydroxyl radical generation in a Fenton type system can be determined using ESR spin-trapping techniques. (3) Data support the hypothesis that superoxide radicals are involved in chelator-mediated Fenton processes.     

A new screening measure to identify potential carbon monoxide hotspots

To demonstrate conformity of transportation projects to National Ambient Air Quality Standards in accordance with State Implementation Plans, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses intersection level of service (LOS) as one of its major criteria for screening for potential carbon monoxide (CO) hotspots. Although intersection LOS is a measure of traffic volume, signal timing, and related congestion and delay, the assigned level reflects only the computed averaged stopped delay (ASD) per vehicle at the intersection. Thus, intersections can often operate at the same LOS but produce vastly different levels of predicted CO concentrations. For example, a two-lane approach operating at LOS D will produce very different levels of CO than a five-lane approach also operating at LOS D. This study explores the effectiveness of the LOS D criterion as a screen for identifying potential CO hotspots. The study results indicate that LOS is a poor predictor of potential CO hotspots when compared to results generated with the EPA-recommended micro-scale model CAL3QHCr. To more consistently screen out those intersections that will not be identified as CO hotspots using the micro-scale models, a new criterion, equivalent red-time vehicles (ERTV), is introduced. The modeling results using ERTV suggest that it is a more robust measure for identifying potential CO hotspots, and conversely, screening out those intersections that are not likely to be identified as hotspots using micro-scale simulation results.