烟梗黄原酸酯吸附铜离子性能研究

以废烟梗为原料,通过制备烟梗黄原酸酯对废烟梗进行化学改性,并用其吸附Cu^2＋。考察了搅拌速度,吸附剂用量,pH,温度,粒度,Cu^2＋初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附量的影响,发现各种参数对Cu^2＋的吸附都有影响。对于50mg／L的Cu^2＋,吸附平衡时间为10min,吸附量为19．30mg／g,Cu^2＋去除率可达96％。室温下吸附Cu^2＋时,可以用拟二级动力学模型描述。结果表明,化学改性的废烟梗去除Cu^2＋具有良好的应用前景。     

长江沿线原油运输的安全环保性能浅析

针对船舶运输和管道运输两种方式,从安全环保角度作了分析对比,指出船舶运输的安全隐患,阐述事故的严重后果;探讨管道运输克服相应安全隐患的物理根源.阐明管道运输是更为安全的运输方式.仪长输油管道的投产使原油运输由船舶运输改为管道运输,指出SCADA系统有力促进了仪长输油管道的本质安全.     

医化行业挥发性有机废气（VOCs）排放特征及防治对策

为了防治医化行业挥发性有机废气（VOCs）环境污染,推动医化行业的可持续发展,本文通过全面调查VOCs的排放源头、排放方式、防治措施,对比分析了各种末端处理技术的优劣,确定了医化行业有机废气（VOCs）防治的有效方式。     

CEMS比对监测结果反映的若干问题探讨

文章以固定污染源比对监测的结果作为参考依据,针对其反映的低浓度颗粒物采样测量、比对监测考核指标的不完善以及火电厂湿法脱硫装置未安装GGH时颗粒物浓度的测定等方面存在相关问题进行了归纳和探讨。     

我国矿山地质环境问题

介绍了我国矿山环境现状和矿山地质环境的主要问题。例如相关法律法规不完善、开采方式等技术落后,多头管理。治理手段单一等。分析产生这些问题的原因,针对这些的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。     

工业区域土壤和地下水中挥发性氯代烃的污染现状与防治法规

我国城市工业迅速发展,以三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为代表的挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydro-carbons,VCHs)对土壤和地下水的污染也日益显著。城市建设过程中受VCHs污染的工业场址若直接再开发为住宅区、商业区、学校等公众场所将危害公众健康,因此,在这类土地转型利用前对污染场址的环境评价有着重要意义。概述了典型VCHs在国内外的生产使用情况;介绍了VCHs在工业城市土壤和地下水中污染分布的广泛性,以及我国工业污染防治的相关法规和环境质量标准,对我国VCHs排放标准的制定和污染控制有着重要的理论意义。     

南京城区黑臭河道底泥污染特征及生态风险评价

河道黑臭是目前我国许多城市面临的环境问题,研究其底泥中的污染物如有机质、氮磷和重金属的污染特征并据此进行生态风险评价,对城市黑臭河道的污染控制与生态修复具有十分重要的意义。选取南京城区内8条典型黑臭河道,采集其表层底泥样品进行分析,测得其中有机质、总氮、总磷的含量分别为0.75%～10.86%、0.05%～0.68%、0.04%～0.23%,三者之间呈显著正相关关系,表明了它们较好的同源性,应用沉积物质量标准评价发现,这3种污染物污染程度总体介于严重级与最低级之间,但氮磷的污染比有机质更为严重。底泥中6种重金属的平均含量均超过背景值,相关性分析结果表明Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn之间均呈极显著正相关关系,而重金属与营养物之间未发现较好的相关性,潜在生态风险评价结果表明底泥中重金属污染严重,84.2%的河道具有高潜在生态风险,各元素的潜在生态风险顺序依次为 Cd >Cu >Pb >Cr >Ni >Zn,Cd为主要污染物,具有很高潜在生态风险。与国内其他典型受污染水体相比,南京城区黑臭河道底泥中总氮、总磷与重金属Cd的污染更为严重。     

Distributional dynamic and trend evolution of China’s agricultural carbon emissions – an analysis on panel data of 31 provinces from 2002 to 2011

Researching the dynamic distribution characteristics and trend evolution of agricultural carbon emissions is of considerable significance in formulating an effective agricultural carbon reduction policy. Based on measurement of agricultural carbon emissions of 31 provinces over the period 2002–2011, the study observed regional differences and the dynamic evolution of distribution of agricultural carbon emissions using agricultural carbon intensity as the indicator, accompanied by Gini coefficients and the kernel density estimation method. The results demonstrate first that agricultural carbon emissions for China show an obvious nonequilibrium nature in regard to spatial distribution. According to the differences in agricultural carbon emissions dynamic trends, we divided the 31 regions into four types – continuous decline, fluctuating decline, continuous increase, and fluctuating increase. Further, agricultural carbon emissions intensity showed a downward trend with significant differences in the research areas. Second, the gap in spatial distribution of national agricultural carbon emissions is gradually expanding based on the results calculated by Gini coefficient. From the perception of regional differences in agricultural carbon emissions, the eastern region showed an average level, the gap was more obvious in the central region, while western region showed a trend of fluctuating downward. Third, according to estimation by kernel density, the regional disparity in agricultural carbon emissions had a downward, but limited, trend. In regard to agricultural carbon emissions over the three areas, the regional gap not only tended to decrease but also showed a “four way” differentiation phenomenon in the eastern region. The difference in the central region difference was narrower. On the whole, the gap for the western region reduced steadily over a small range.     

Cytotoxicity and autophagy induction by graphene quantum dots with different functional groups

Graphene quantum dots(GQDs) possess great potential in various applications due to their superior physicochemical properties and wide array of available surface modifications.However, the toxicity of GQDs has not been systematically assessed, thus hindered their further development; especially, the risk of surface modifications of GQDs is largely unknown. In this study, we employed a lung carcinoma A549 cells as the model to investigate the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of three types GQDs, including cGQDs(COOH-GQDs), hGQDs(OH-GQDs), and aGQDs(NH_2-GQDs). The results showed hGQDs was the most toxic, as significant cell death was induced at the concentration of 100 μg/mL,determining by WST-1 assay as well as Annexin-V-FITC/PI apoptosis analysis, whereas cGQDs and aGQDs were non-cytotoxic within the measured concentration. Autophagy detection was performed by TEM examination, LC3 fluorescence tracking, and Westernblot. Both aGQDs and hGQDs induced cellular autophagy to various degrees except for cGQDs. Further analysis on autophagy pathways indicated all GQDs significantly activated p-p38 MAPK; p-ERK1/2 was inhibited by aGQDs and hGQDs but activated by c GQDs. p-JNK was inhibited by aGQDs and c GQDs, while activated by hGQDs. Simultaneously, Akt was activated by hGQDs but inhibited by aGQDs. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of GQDs, suggesting that autophagy played a protective role against the toxicity of GQDs. In conclusion, c GQDs showed excellent biocompatibility and may be considered for biological applications. Autophagy induction may be included in the health risk assessment of GQDs as it reflects the stress status which may eventually lead to diseases.     

塑料大气环境老化预测模型研究

目的为塑料老化行为预测提供简易而可靠的途径,充分发挥环境效应数据的内在价值。方法分别运用GM(1,1)模型、幂函数模型、指数函数模型、多项式模型预测9种工程塑料在3种典型大气环境下的拉伸强度、延伸率和弯曲强度等力学性能变化,并与自然环境试验实测结果进行比较。结果拉伸强度、延伸率、弯曲强度等3种力学性能中,弯曲强度预测效果最好,延伸率预测效果最差。4种模型之中,GM(1,1)模型在预测小样本数据方面具有最好的预测效果和最高的正确率,且在数据具有一定波动性的情况下仍能够保持较好的预测效果。结论在挖掘分析塑料大气老化评价指标和试验时间之间的函数关系时,不仅要考虑预测模型的拟合效果好坏、相关系数高低、预测误差和预测正确率高低,还应注意预测模型反映出来的塑料性能变化规律是否符合客观实际,这样得到的预测模型才能尽可能地反映塑料老化程度与试验时间关系的全貌。