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861.
夹竹桃、枫杨、羊蹄皂甙类成分灭螺活性分析   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
正丁醇提取夹竹桃、枫杨和羊蹄的皂甙类成分 ,通过浸杀灭螺实验 ,观察提取物对钉螺上爬的抑制作用 ,直线回归法确定灭螺量效和时效关系 ,通过方程预测提取物达LD50 和LD90 的剂量和使用时间 ,为实际应用提供参考。  相似文献   
862.
山东省东平湖浮游动物与富营养化防治   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
根据1994年对东平湖6个采样点枯水期,丰水期,平水期浮游动物的调查,共获轮虫,枝角类,桡足类和原生动物66属100种,查明其数量和分布以及季节变化状况,确定了指示轻污带,β-中污带和α--中污带的15个种及其分布,根据浮游统计结果。结果:其它方法,肯定了东平湖为中营养型一富营养型湖泊,按照综合防治富营养化原则,作者提出放养鲢鳙及搭配比较,以减少湖中着生藻类和浮游动物,防治富营养化,发展水产养殖业和旅游业,实现了可持续发展。  相似文献   
863.
关于生态资产核算方法探讨   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
生态资产的价值核算是可持续发展的重要组成部分。采用文献检索和对比分析法,探讨了生态资产价值构成的五分型、四分型、二分型3种分类形式,介绍了当前国内外普遍运用的几种核算方法,包括直接(实际)市场法、替代市场法、假想(模拟)市场法、空间-能值分析法和遥感模型测算方法,并对这些方法的适用范围和优缺点进行了分析比较,在此基础上,对生态资产的核算方法做了一些讨论及展望。  相似文献   
864.
危险废物焚烧飞灰(以下简称“飞灰”)在热处理过程中,挥发性重金属铅(Pb)的释放对环境的潜在风险备受关注.本文研究了飞灰在600~1200 ℃热处理过程中,常见添加剂CaO对飞灰中Pb的浸出及挥发行为的影响.结果表明,当热处理温度超过1000 ℃且CaO含量为38.7%时可有效抑制飞灰中Pb的浸出,促使其转移至稳定的残渣态.而CaO的含量为47.9%时,在飞灰热处理过程中可促使飞灰中Pb转移至Ca3PbSiO6矿物相,进而抑制飞灰中Pb的释放,这对精准控制飞灰热处理过程的重金属二次污染具有重要参考价值.  相似文献   
865.
Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO2/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO2 growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO2 nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO2/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO2/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.  相似文献   
866.
采用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)对湘江流域长沙、株洲、湘潭、岳阳等8个重点城市生活饮用源地水质中挥发/半挥发性有机物进行了分析,结果表明,8个重点城市饮用水源地水质中108种挥发和半挥发性有机物均未检出,含量均处在较低水平。对湘江流域有机污染物来源进行了调查分析,提出了加强有机污染物排放监测和控制管理,并定期对地表水中有机污染物进行监测的必要性。  相似文献   
867.
针对船舶运输和管道运输两种方式,从安全环保角度作了分析对比,指出船舶运输的安全隐患,阐述事故的严重后果;探讨管道运输克服相应安全隐患的物理根源.阐明管道运输是更为安全的运输方式.仪长输油管道的投产使原油运输由船舶运输改为管道运输,指出SCADA系统有力促进了仪长输油管道的本质安全.  相似文献   
868.
双回路吸收塔运用于火电厂、烧结厂等的烟气脱硫系统。它具有传质效果好、脱硫率高、产生的石膏纯度高等特点,对于减少对自然界石膏资源的开发和保护资源上,具有很大的优势。通过对双回路塔的工作原理及其结构、性能特点论述,层层剖析,并进一步论证其循环浆液的计算方法。  相似文献   
869.
Floodplain forests provide unique ecological structure and function, which are often degraded or lost when watershed hydrology is modified. Restoration of damaged ecosystems requires an understanding of surface water, groundwater, and vadose (unsaturated) zone hydrology in the floodplain. Soil moisture and porewater salinity are of particular importance for seed germination and seedling survival in systems affected by saltwater intrusion but are difficult to monitor and often overlooked. This study contributes to the understanding of floodplain hydrology in one of the last bald cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] floodplain swamps in southeast Florida. We investigated soil moisture and porewater salinity dynamics in the floodplain of the Loxahatchee River, where reduced freshwater flow has led to saltwater intrusion and a transition to salt-tolerant, mangrove-dominated communities. Twenty-four dielectric probes measuring soil moisture and porewater salinity every 30 min were installed along two transects-one in an upstream, freshwater location and one in a downstream tidal area. Complemented by surface water, groundwater, and meteorological data, these unique 4-yr datasets quantified the spatial variability and temporal dynamics of vadose zone hydrology. Results showed that soil moisture can be closely predicted based on river stage and topographic elevation (overall Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency = 0.83). Porewater salinity rarely exceeded tolerance thresholds (0.3125 S m(-1)) for bald cypress upstream but did so in some downstream areas. This provided an explanation for observed vegetation changes that both surface water and groundwater salinity failed to explain. The results offer a methodological and analytical framework for floodplain monitoring in locations where restoration success depends on vadose zone hydrology and provide relationships for evaluating proposed restoration and management scenarios for the Loxahatchee River.  相似文献   
870.
In this study, the host-sensitivity and host-specificity of JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) polyomaviruses were evaluated by testing wastewater and fecal samples from nine host groups in Southeast Queensland, Australia. The JCV and BKV polyomaviruses were detected in 63 human wastewater samples collected from primary and secondary effluent, suggesting high sensitivity of these viruses in human wastewater. In the 81 animal wastewater and fecal samples tested, 80 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for the JCV and BKV markers. Only one sample (out of 81 animal wastewater and fecal samples) from pig wastewater was positive. Nonetheless, the overall host-specificity of these viruses to differentiate between human and animal wastewater and fecal samples was 0.99. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Australia that reports on the high specificity of JCV and BKV polyomaviruses. To evaluate the field application of these viral markers for detecting human fecal pollution, 20 environmental samples were collected from a coastal river. In the 20 samples tested, 15% (3/20) and 70% (14/20) samples exceeded the regulatory guidelines for Escherichia coli and enterococci levels for marine waters. In all, five (25%) samples were PCR positive for JCV and BKV, indicating the presence of human fecal pollution in the coastal river investigated. The results suggest that JCV and BKV detection using PCR could be a useful tool for identifying human-sourced fecal pollution in coastal waters.  相似文献   
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