Bacterial resistance to lead: Chemical basis and environmental relevance

Natural bacterial isolates from heavily contaminated sites may evolve diverse tolerance strategies, including biosorption, efflux mechanism, and intracellular precipitation under the continually increased stress of toxic lead (Pb) from anthropogenic activities. These strategies utilize a large variety of functional groups in biological macromolecules (e.g., exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and metalloproteins) and inorganic ligands, including carboxyl, phosphate and amide groups, for capturing Pb. The amount and type of binding sites carried by biologically originated materials essentially determines their performance and potential for Pb removal and remediation. Many factors, e.g., metal ion radius, electronegativity, the shape of the cell surface sheath, temperature and pH, are thought to exert significant influences on the abovementioned interactions with Pb. Conclusively, understanding the chemical basis of Pb-binding in these bacteria can allow for the development of effective microbial Pb remediation technologies and further elucidation of Pb cycling in the environment.     

8属22种AM真菌增殖技术的初步研究

采用室内活体宿主植物盆栽法,以玉米(Zea mays)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)和紫云英(Astragalus siniucus)为宿主植物,研究了3种宿主植物对8属22种丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度的影响。结果表明:3种寄主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌形成共生关系,但不同宿主植物对丛枝菌根真菌富集培养产孢量的影响具有显著性差异。在实际生产应用中,应根据不同丛枝菌根真菌的生物学特性选择高亲和性的宿主植物作为其孢子扩繁的良好载体植物。     

机动车排气遥测技术的应用和发展

介绍机动车排气污染物遥测技术的发展历史、应用现状和发展趋势，对中美2国的应用现状进行对比分析，并在此基础上提出我国下一阶段的努力方向。     

遥感测量在机动车排放调查和I／M项目评估中应用的初步分析

简要介绍国外（美国）遥感测量技术在汽车排气检测领域的应用，并通过对广州市道路实车试验采集的数据进行机动车排放调查和IAVI项目评估，结果表明这些排放调查和评估工作是可行的，结果是可靠的。     

原生质体融合选育高效降酚微生物

以白腐真菌和北京燕山石油化工集团炼油事业部污水厂的活性污泥经驯化筛选后分离获得的革兰氏阳性细菌进行跨界融合 ,经筛选获得 2株高效降酚融合子。正交实验结果表明 ,温度对 2种融合子生长影响有非常显著的作用 (P<0 0 1) ,在 30℃时 2种融合子生长良好。     

印染污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出印染污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明:与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了11.50%。     

不同剂量解磷菌对滇重楼生长发育的影响

为了明确解磷菌在滇重楼生产上最适剂量,本文通过盆栽接种试验研究了在灭菌土壤中,不同剂量解磷菌处理对滇重楼生长发育的影响,为解磷菌在滇重楼生产中的应用提供理论依据.结果 表明,与未接种对照相比,滇重楼苗期接种解磷菌可提高根系活力,增加叶片内叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,降低叶片内保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过...     

A tool for rapid screening of direct DNA agents using reaction rates and relative interaction potency: towards screening environmental contaminants for hazard

DNA damage represents a potential biomarker for determining the exposure risk to chemicals and may provide early warning data for identifying chemical hazards to human health. Here, we have demonstrated a simple chromatography-based method that can be used to rapidly screen for the presence of chemical hazards as well as to determine parameters relevant to hazard assessment. In this proof-of-principle study, a simple in vitro system was used to determine the interaction of pollutants and probable carcinogens, phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl(4)HQ), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), with single- and double-stranded DNA probes. Differences in potency and reaction kinetics were studied for chemical and DNA type. A relative interaction potency equivalency (PEQ) of a chemical was determined by ratio of interaction potency of a chemical to BPDE as the reference chemical in the reaction with single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. PEQs were found to be BPDE > PGE > SO > MMS > Cl(4)HQ for single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides while they were found to be BPDE > PGE > Cl(4)HQ > MMS > SO for double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Kinetics evaluation revealed that BPDE reacted with both DNA probes at a significantly faster rate, as compared to the remaining test chemicals. Equilibrium was reached within an hour for BPDE, but required a minimum of 48 h for the remaining chemicals. First-order rate constants were (1.61 ± 0.2) × 10(-3) s(-1) and (3.18 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) s(-1) for reaction of BPDE with double- and single-stranded DNA, respectively. The remaining chemicals possessed rate constants from 2 to 13 × 10(-6) s(-1) with a relative kinetic order for reaction with DNA of BPDE ? MMS > SO > PGE > Cl(4)HQ for ds-DNA and BPDE ? SO ≈ Cl(4)HQ ≈ MMS > PGE for ss-DNA. We further found that the reaction potency, defined by dose-response between chemical pollutants and DNA, depends on the form of DNA present for reaction. Noteworthy, we found that relative PEQ did not follow the same kinetic trends. However, our preliminary findings suggest that reaction kinetics, in combination with relative interaction potency, may be a significant parameter that can be used to evaluate the hazard level of environmental pollutants.     

粮食产量预测理论、方法与应用Ⅲ.粮食生产潜力中、长期预测理论、模型及其应用

粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的目的是为国家中、长期粮食生产规划提供科学依据。粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”：从若干个预测模型中选择出2个模型,一个模型预测的未来产量是持续增加的,体现产量持续增加的科技进步力量;另一个模型预测的未来产量是先增加后减少或持续减少的,体现影响产量持续增加的负面综合因素力量。应用结果表明：模型可预测未来1~10年的粮食生产潜力,平均预测误差在5％以内。大量案例证明粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”是科学的、方法是通用的、结果是实用的。     

磁技术在污废水处理中的作用机理及应用

污废水生物处理技术不断地向工艺流程简单、处理费用低和处理效果好的方向发展。磁技术在该领域具有很好的发展潜力。磁场具有生物效应,可增强微生物活性。磁粉能与活性污泥絮体紧密结合,形成具有特殊分离性能并能抑制剩余污泥产生的磁化活性污泥。磁化活性污泥法在日本的污水处理厂有未排泥连续运行2年的成功先例。近年来微生物的磁效应在废/污水生物处理中的应用引起越来越多国内外研究者的注意,磁技术与其他水处理技术之间的结合是比较热门的研究领域。