Could curcumin ameliorate titanium dioxide nanoparticles effect on the heart? A histopathological,immunohistochemical, and genotoxic study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evaluation of the toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) is increasingly important due to their growing occupational...     

Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.     

静压快速启动亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化反应

在序批式反应器(SBR)中接种污水厂厌氧池污泥和深层水稻土的1∶1混合污泥,在阶段性提升基质NO_2~--N浓度的条件下,考察静压条件对亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)反应快速启动过程的影响,并对N-DAMO反应的主导微生物的丰度变化进行分析.结果表明运行120 d后,常压(R1)和0.3 MPa静压(R2)条件下,都观测到了明显的N-DAMO现象,并且R2的NO_2~--N去除速率达到了36.90 mg·(L·d)~(-1),较R1提高了24%;其4 h内平均脱氮速率(以NO_2~--N计)达到0.10 mmol·(L·h)~(-1),比R1提高了186%.R2中富集得到的污泥粒径约为R1的2倍,比表面积更大,优化了污泥中甲烷的传质情况,有助于N-DAMO反应的进行,且R2污泥的N-DAMO比活性(以N/VSS计)达到了0.29 mg·(g·h)~(-1),是R1的2倍.此外,静压有助于N-DAMO功能微生物Candidatus Methylomirabilish oxyfera(M.oxyfera)的生长,实验结束时R2中M.oxyfera细菌16S rRNA基因的丰度比接种初期提高了22倍,是同阶段R1中的10倍.可见,提高静压能够有效促进N-DAMO反应的启动.     

我国西南四省(区)大气煤基PAHs排放系统动力学分析

由于未来相当长时期内煤炭在我国的主体能源地位不会改变,全国许多地区均可能面临持续的大气煤基PAHs污染.为此,本文选取PAHs污染相对严重但缺乏足够关注的广西、四川、贵州与云南4个西南省份作为研究对象,基于煤基PAHs排放、能源消耗与经济发展之间的相互作用关系,利用系统动力学方法构建了一套综合评估模型,并将其应用于分析不同情景下西南四省(区)煤基PAHs排放的动态变化.结果表明,在维持情景下,未来10年煤基PAHs排放相对增长率的省份次序为:广西(44.54%)贵州(29.44%)云南(26.37%)四川(-2.19%).经过产业与能耗结构的调整,四川和云南在规划情景下的相对增长率分别比维持情景减少了27.17%和20.88%,这两个省的减排效果最大.同样的情况,贵州与广西仅分别减少了7.32%和5.52%,仍保持较快的增长趋势.要实现煤基PAHs的有效减排,各省份需实施有针对性的调控政策.云南应同时考虑工业源与生活源控制政策,四川应减少工业源排放量,广西和贵州应在进一步优化产业与能耗结构的基础上分别采取工业源和生活源控制政策.总体而言,系统动力学方法适用于分析非常规大气污染物的复杂动态变化,可为当地政府提供科学调控区域经济-能源结构-环境质量之间发展关系的政策参考.     

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake, North China： Concentrations, sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.     

重金属对秀丽隐杆线虫繁殖的影响

为了探究重金属单独及联合暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)繁殖的影响及其作用机制,采用96孔板液相暴露试验,以环境相关浓度(0.1~50.0 μg/L)的Cd、Hg、Pb暴露同步化处理秀丽隐杆线虫,24 h后统计其怀卵数及阴门畸形率,以及连续记录72 h内子一代秀丽隐杆线虫的个体数,最后利用2×2析因设计方差分析阐明重金属的两两联合作用模式. 结果表明:与对照组相比,Cd、Hg、Pb单独及联合暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫的繁殖具有显著抑制作用,ρ(Cd)为50.0 μg/L、ρ(Hg)为10.0 μg/L、ρ(Pb)为50.0 μg/L暴露组秀丽隐杆线虫子一代数量分别降低了43.5%、33.8%、51.0%;Cd-Hg暴露组〔当ρ(Cd)、ρ(Hg)分别为50.0、10.0 μg/L时〕、Hg-Pb暴露组〔当ρ(Hg)、ρ(Pb)分别为10.0、50.0 μg/L时〕、Cd-Pb暴露组〔当ρ(Cd)、ρ(Pb)分别为50.0、50.0 μg/L时〕秀丽隐杆线虫子一代个体数分别降低了44.7%、61.0%、53.3%. 进一步研究发现,Cd、Hg、Pb单独及联合暴露会引起秀丽隐杆线虫子宫内受精卵数量降低以及产卵器阴门结构畸形率升高. 2×2析因设计方差分析结果发现,Cd、Hg、Pb两两联合暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫的繁殖表现为没有交互作用或者交互方式为拮抗. 研究显示,秀丽隐杆线虫子宫内怀卵数的降低是其子一代数量显著减少的主要原因,而阴门结构的损伤可能使产卵行为受损,从而进一步加剧重金属对秀丽隐杆线虫繁殖的抑制作用.      

印度芥菜和油菜互作对各自吸收土壤中难溶态镉的影响

在石灰性土壤加入CdCO3条件下 ,通过温室土培盆栽试验研究印度芥菜和油菜互作对各自吸收土壤中难溶态镉的影响 .试验结果表明 ,印度芥菜和油菜互作时 ,印度芥菜对养分的竞争能力强 ,地上部干重高于单作时的 ;而与之互作的油菜由于根际土壤溶液中的有效态镉含量增加或对养分的竞争能力弱 ,地上部干重低于单作时的 .印度芥菜的根系有很强的活化能力 ,和油菜互作时可提高植物提取修复难溶态镉污染土壤的能力 ,和单作相比 ,互作对印度芥菜吸收镉的能力无显著影响 ,但却可以显著增加油菜植株体内的镉含量 ,在土壤相同镉量的条件下 ,印度芥菜和油菜互作时植株的吸镉量和对土壤的净化率均高于单作     

沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药定量分析的质量保证和质量控制

以美国ＥＰＡ为方法为基础,进行了沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分析的质量保证和质量控制实验,采用回收率指示物控制回收率,用内标法定量。结果表明多环芳烃的指示物回收率为５０．６７－９７．３３％,目标化合物的回收率为５８．６７－９６．３３％,方法检测限为３．３０－９．２６μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。     

铁屑对低浓度含铬地下水的处理研究

以某铬渣污染场地上抽提上来的低浓度含铬地下水作为实验研究对象。选用铁屑对含铬废水进行处理。通过静态试验考察了影响六价铬去除率的因素:pH、铁屑用量、反应时间,得到了较好的反应工艺参数。并在静态试验的基础上,用铁屑填充自制的反应柱研究了动态试验的效果。结果表明:六价铬的出水浓度低于0.05 mg/L,达到GB/T 14848-93《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类排放标准。