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101.
Lal C. Ram Sangeet K. Jha Ramesh C. Tripathi Reginald E. Masto Vetrivel A. Selvi 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2008,18(4):71-90
In India, a significant area of land is occupied by preexisting coal‐fired thermal power plants (TPPs) for the storage of fly ash slurry in ash ponds. However, the area available for storage of fly ash at these TPPs is limited. In addition, this type of fly ash disposal poses a problem due to restricted land availability and potential contamination issues. A viable alternative is the reclamation of fly ash ponds by plantation. A study at the Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station (RSTPS) in Andhra Pradesh, India, on reclamation of a portion of an ash‐filled, low‐lying area has been performed. This article describes the characteristics of the RSTPS pond ash, ash leachates, and improvements in the fertility status of the reclaimed area over a three‐year period. Furthermore, morphometric observations of different planted species indicate that these types of ash‐filled, low‐lying areas can be suitably reclaimed and the nutrient‐rich leachate from ash‐filled areas potentially can be used for irrigation purposes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
102.
Sorption of cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions by zeolite 4A, zeolite 13X and bentonite 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Purna Chandra Rao G Satyaveni S Ramesh A Seshaiah K Murthy KS Choudary NV 《Journal of environmental management》2006,81(3):265-272
The sorption and desorption of cadmium and zinc on zeolite 4A, zeolite 13X and bentonite has been studied using batch sorption studies. Parameters such as equilibrium time, effect of pH and sorbent dose were studied. The sorbents exhibited good sorption potential for cadmium and zinc with a peak value at pH 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. The sorption followed the Freundlich sorption model. More than 70% sorption occurred within 20 min and equilibrium was attained at around 90 min for the three sorbents. The metals sorption by zeolite 4A was higher than that by zeolite 13X and bentonite. The desorption studies were carried out using NaCl solution and the effect of NaCl concentration on desorption was also studied. Maximum desorption of 76% for cadmium and 80% for zinc occurred with 10% NaCl. 相似文献
103.
Koracin D Vellore R Lowenthal DH Watson JG Koracin J McCord T DuBois DW Chen LW Kumar N Knipping EM Wheeler NJ Craig K Reid S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(6):660-672
The main objective of this study was to investigate the capabilities of the receptor-oriented inverse mode Lagrangian Stochastic Particle Dispersion Model (LSPDM) with the 12-km resolution Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) wind field input for the assessment of source identification from seven regions impacting two receptors located in the eastern United States. The LSPDM analysis was compared with a standard version of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) single-particle backward-trajectory analysis using inputs from MM5 and the Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS) with horizontal grid resolutions of 12 and 80 km, respectively. The analysis included four 7-day summertime events in 2002; residence times in the modeling domain were computed from the inverse LSPDM runs and HYPSLIT-simulated backward trajectories started from receptor-source heights of 100, 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 m. Statistics were derived using normalized values of LSPDM- and HYSPLIT-predicted residence times versus Community Multiscale Air Quality model-predicted sulfate concentrations used as baseline information. From 40 cases considered, the LSPDM identified first- and second-ranked emission region influences in 37 cases, whereas HYSPLIT-MM5 (HYSPLIT-EDAS) identified the sources in 21 (16) cases. The LSPDM produced a higher overall correlation coefficient (0.89) compared with HYSPLIT (0.55-0.62). The improvement of using the LSPDM is also seen in the overall normalized root mean square error values of 0.17 for LSPDM compared with 0.30-0.32 for HYSPLIT. The HYSPLIT backward trajectories generally tend to underestimate near-receptor sources because of a lack of stochastic dispersion of the backward trajectories and to overestimate distant sources because of a lack of treatment of dispersion. Additionally, the HYSPLIT backward trajectories showed a lack of consistency in the results obtained from different single vertical levels for starting the backward trajectories. To alleviate problems due to selection of a backward-trajectory starting level within a large complex set of 3-dimensional winds, turbulence, and dispersion, results were averaged from all heights, which yielded uniform improvement against all individual cases. 相似文献
104.
M. Yokesh Babu L. Palanikumar N. Nagarani V. Janaki Devi S. Ramesh Kumar C. M. Ramakritinan A. K. Kumaraguru 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9604-9616
Marine macroalgae have evolved a different mechanism to maintain physiological concentrations of essential metal ions and non-essential metals. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant response and DNA damage of copper and cadmium ions in three halophytes, namely, Acanthophora spicifera, Chaetomorpha antennina, and Ulva reticulata. Accumulation of copper was significantly higher (P?0.05) than that of cadmium. Biochemical responses showed that copper was considerably more toxic than cadmium (P?0.05). Decreases in glutathione content and fluctuations of super oxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed corresponding to time and concentration of exposure. Interestingly, it was also observed that antioxidant levels decreased as a result of metal accumulation, which may be due to free radicals generated by copper and cadmium in seaweeds. The present study also showed that copper and cadmium increased oxidative stress and induced antioxidant defense systems against reactive oxygen species. The order of toxicity for metals in the studied seaweeds was U. reticulata > A. spicifera > C. antennina. DNA damage index analysis supported that copper was significantly (P?0.05) more toxic than cadmium. Bioaccumulation, biochemical responses, and DNA damage observed in the here analyzed marine macroalgae after exposure to selected metals indicate that these marine organisms represent useful bioindicators of marine pollution. 相似文献
105.
Masayuki Someya Masako Ohtake Tatsuya Kunisue Annamalai Subramanian Shin Takahashi Paromita Chakraborty Ramesh Ramachandran Shinsuke Tanabe 《Environment international》2010,36(1):27-35
Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides were measured in human breast milk collected from mothers residing near an open dumping site and a reference site in Kolkata, India during 2004–2005. POPs were detected in all the human milk samples analyzed, suggesting that residents of Kolkata are widely exposed to these contaminants. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in the samples from the dumping site were significantly higher than in the reference site samples, whereas no such difference was found for PCDDs and PCDFs. In addition, significantly higher concentrations of total PCBs were also observed in the samples from the dumping site than the reference site. Interestingly, concentrations of total and dioxin-like PCBs in the breast milk of mothers from the dumping site significantly increased with the number of years of residence near the dumping site. These results indicate that significant pollution sources of PCBs are present in the dumping site of Kolkata and the residents living around are exposed to relatively higher levels of PCBs. When the residue levels of dioxins and related compounds in fish collected from ponds near the Kolkata dumping site and the reference site were measured, it was found that dioxin-like PCB and TEQ levels in fish from the dumping site were notably higher than those from the reference site. This result indicates that fish is a potential source of PCBs for residents living near the Kolkata dumping site. 相似文献
106.
A survey of macro-invertebrates and their monthly variations occupying the Tons river in Doon Valley was conducted from August
2003–July 2004. Macro-invertebrate collections and water samples were taken from three sampling stations every month during
the period of study. All the hydrological attributes were measured monthly for 1 year. The present study showed that the water
velocity, hydromedian depth, turbidity and dissolved oxygen and nature and size of the bottom substrates do play a major role
in determining the macro-invertebrate diversity of Tons river. The ecological relevance of the measured hydrological attributes
was investigated by comparing their degree of correlation with invertebrate density and diversity. The Shannon–Wiener index
(H′) of macro-invertebrates was found to be highest (3.60) during spring season (February and March) and lowest (2.59) during
monsoon season (July and August). The high values of diversity index of macro-invertebrates at all the three sampling sites
indicate diverse macro-invertebrate communities in the Tons river in Doon Valley, India. 相似文献
107.
Atmakuru R Perumal Elumalai T Sivanandam S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):519-528
Long term stability of sulfosulfuron was investigated in subsoil under the natural wheat cropping conditions. Experiments
were conducted by applying a commercial formulation of sulfosulfuron on soil at 50 g/ha and 100 g/ha. To understand the factors
influencing the persistence of residues two different experiments were conducted. In one experiment wheat crop was cultivated
once at the beginning of the two years study period and subsequently the plots were kept undisturbed for the remaining period.
In another experiment cultivation of subsequent crops were continued during the study period. In both the cases sulfosulfuron
was applied only once at the beginning of the study. Representative soil samples were collected from the depths viz., 0–5,
15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 cm on different pre determined sampling occasions 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 days after the
application of the herbicide. The collected soil samples were analyzed for the residues of sulfosulfuron. Under the influence
of continuous cropping conditions residues of sulfosulfuron were found to be relatively low when compared with the soil samples
collected from the agriculture plots maintained without any cultivation. The residues detected are in the range 0.001 to 0.017 μg/g.
Samples collected from the depth, at 30 to 45 cm showed higher residual concentrations. Soil samples were also showed the
presence of break down products. The data has been confirmed by LC–MS/MS. The relation between residue content of sulfosulfuron
and the factors contributing the stability of herbicide concentration were also studied. 相似文献
108.
Christian Mac Steve Desrocher Florin Gheorghiu Allen Kane Michael Pupeza Miroslav Cernik Petr Kvapil Ramesh Venkatakrishnan Wei‐xian Zhang 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2006,16(2):23-33
Nanotechnology application to contaminated site remediation, and especially the use of nanoscale zero‐valent iron particles to treat volatile organic compound (VOC)‐impacted groundwater, is now recognized as a promising solution for cost‐effective in situ treatment. Results obtained during numerous pilot tests undertaken by Golder Associates between 2003 and 2005 in North America (United States and Canada) and Europe have been used to present a synthetic cross‐comparison of technology dynamics. The importance of a comprehensive understanding of the site‐specific geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical conditions, the selection of appropriate nanoscale particles, the importance of monitoring geochemical parameters during technology application, and the potential of nanoparticle impact on microbial activity are discussed in this article. The variable technology dynamics obtained during six pilot tests (selected among numerous other tests) are then presented and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
109.
An attempt has been made to estimate methane fluxes from a tropical coastal wetland the Vembanad Lake, a lagoon along the West Coast of India. It has been found that Vembanad Lake contributes significant amount of methane to the atmosphere. Average emissions varied spatially within the lake. Methane emissions were 193.2 +/- 24.5 mg m(-2) h(-1) at Kumaragam (fresh water) as compared to 9.3 +/- 9.6 mgm(-2) h(-1) at Pullot (brackish water) site. Seasonal variation was significant between pre- and post-monsoons. Soil temperature, time of the day, salinity sediment organic carbon, all control the rate of methane emissions from the Vembanad Lake. 相似文献
110.
Suren Erkman 《生态毒理学报》2002,24(1):64-67
提出了将工业生态学的原则在系统水平上应用到清洁生产计划中所使用的概念、战略和工具.为了使工业系统向可持续性发展,应该有系统地稳定废品和副产品的价格,把扩散的损失降至最小,使经济非物质化,并且由碳氢化合物之外的来源生产能源.作者在印度进行了许多研究,旨在检验并采用"工业的新陈代谢"方法论. 相似文献