Projected Years Lost due to Disabilities (YLDs) for bacillary dysentery related to increased temperature in temperate and subtropical cities of China

The impact of climate change on enteric infection has been a concern in recent years. This study aims to project disability burdens of bacillary dysentery (BD) associated with increasing temperature in different climatic zones in China. Years Lost due to Disabilities (YLDs) were used as the measure of burden of bacillary dysentery in this study. A temperate city in northern China and a subtropical city in southern China were selected as the study areas. The quantitative relationship between temperature and the number of cases in each city was base on the regression models developed in our previous studies. YLDs for bacillary dysentery in 2000 were used as the baseline data. Projection of YLDs for bacillary dysentery in 2020 and 2050 under future temperature scenarios were conducted. Demographic changes over the next 20 to 50 years in study cities were considered in the projections. Under the temperature scenarios alone, the YLDs for bacillary dysentery may increase by up to 80% by 2020 and 174% by 2050 in the temperate city and up to 75% increase in the YLDs by 2020 and a 147% increase by 2050 in the tropical city. Considering potential changes in both temperature and population size and structure, if other factors remain constant, compared with the YLDs observed in 2000, the YLDs for bacillary dysentery may double by 2020 and triple by 2050 in both the temperate and subtropical cities in China. The temperature-related health burden of enteric infection in China may greatly increase in the future if there is no effective intervention. Relevant public health strategies should be developed at an earlier stage to prevent and reduce the impact of infectious disease associated with climate change.     

Concentrations and inventories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in watershed soils in the Pearl River Delta,China

The concentration levels, source, and inventories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 55 surface vegetable soils in the watershed of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were analyzed and compared with those of the surface sediments in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and northern South China Sea (SCS). The 16 priority PAHs on US EPA list range from 58 to 3,077 microg/kg (average: 315 microg/kg). The concentrations of DDTs and HCHs range from 3.58 to 831 microg/kg (average: 82.1 microg/kg) and from 0.19 to 42.3 microg/kg (average: 4.42 microg/kg). The ratios of DDT/ (DDD+DDE) are higher than 2 in majority of the soil samples, suggesting that DDT contamination still exists. The PAH ratios suggest that the source of PAHs is petroleum, and combustion of fossil fuel, biomass, and coal. The average concentrations of PAHs and the linear regression slope between PAHs and TOC for the soils and the sediments are quite similar. It was estimated that the soil mass inventories at 0-20 cm depth are 1,292 metric tons for PAHs and 356 metric tons for OCPs in the studied region. The average PAHs inventory per unit area for the soil samples investigated in PRD is about 0.86 time that of surface sediments in the Pearl River Estuary, and about 2.43 times that of surface sediments in the northern South China Sea. PAHs in the soils in PRD have similar source to those of the surface sediments in PRE. All of those may suggest that PAHs in PRE and SCS are probably mainly inputted from the soils in PRD via soil erosion and river transport.     

Conserving water by optimizing production schedules in the dyeing industry

Industrial dyeing processes generate a huge amount of wastewater, because the production lines have to be washed out each time when the dye changes. We propose an algorithm for the optimization of production schedule. It aims to reduce the production time and the amount of freshwater consumption by optimization the groups orders according to color. Furthermore, we develop software based on the genetic algorithm and implement it in a Chinese company. We optimize the schedules in three months of the case company and compare its output to actual data. The results show that compared to the original manual schedules, the optimized schedules cut production time by 10–15%, reduce freshwater consumption by 20–30%, and reduce wastewater generation by about 20%.     

城市综合防灾与公共安全规划编制

本文介绍了城市综合防灾与公共安全规划编制的指导思想与原则，对城市面临灾害及研究对象层次进行了分类，对城市综合防灾与公共安全规划框架体系进行了探讨，对影响城市的主要灾害提出了防御标准和目标，对城市综合防灾与公共安全防灾保障体系进行了讨论。     

喷淋与机械排烟作用下小室火灾特性的实验研究

采用全尺寸实验对水喷淋和机械排烟作用下的小室火灾特性展开了研究,揭示了小室内烟气温度、CO浓度的变化规律.结果表明,对于一定规模的火灾,存在水喷淋压力和风机风量的临界组合,来对水喷淋和机械排烟共同作用时的控火和灭火两种效果进行转换.水喷淋的作用可以有效降低小室内烟气温度,抑制轰燃发生,但是也会产生大量的烟水混合气.灭火时,小室内的烟气温度是持续下降;而控火时,小室内的烟气温度会平稳一段时间,再慢慢下降.CO浓度在水喷淋作用后会急剧增加,控火时存在两个峰值,灭火时只有一个峰值.水喷淋的压力是其中关键的参数,而风机风量只是一个次要的参数,两种系统的作用效果相反.控火时,CO生成量随着水喷淋压力的增加而增加,随着风机风量的增加而降低.这些都为大空间内小室水喷淋系统和机械排烟系统的设计提供了基础的实验依据.     

Auto-adaptive Air Distribution and Structure Optimization of Ejector Burner for Biomass Alcohol Fuels

A plenty of studies on the utilization of biomass alcohol fuels have been conducted, but combustion efficiency and stability of this fuels still need to be improved. Based on biomass alcohol fuels (bio-methanol and bio-ethanol), this paper studied auto-adaptive air distribution characteristics and optimum structure parameters of an ejector burner by numerical simulation method. Also, an experiment was conducted to verify the numerical results. The results show that the mole air entrainment ratio (MAER) keeps almost constant when the ejector fuel nozzle exit locates at the segment between the ejector throat and the suction chamber entrance, but a bigger ratio α would lead to a higher MAER till the α is bigger than 8.5 for bio-methanol and 11.5 for bio-ethanol. The bio-ethanol fuel is more beneficial for air carrying role because of its big molecular weight. Operation pressure (P_w) has a little impact on MAER of the two fuels, but the rise of back pressure (P_b) would lead to rapid decrease of MAER for the two fuels. For the optimum structure burners, the MAER can be maintained at the value of theoretical complete combustion. Its changing rate is less than 2.3% for bio-methanol and 2.5% for bio-ethanol when the burner load changes from 30% to 120%, which is highly consistent with the experimental results. The optimum burner can distribute air supply automatically with the changing of burner load.     

附着硅藻指数在河流水质监测中的适用性技术研究

对广西龙江和柳江中段共18个样点进行了附着硅藻的采样调查,并采用相关分析法、主成分分析法、最优分割分类法、箱须图法、逐步判别分析法和双向指示种分类法等数学方法研究分析了16个硅藻指数在龙江与柳江中段水质监测中的适用性.结果表明,3次4组不同水质类别中,IPS(Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index)和TDI(Trophic Diatom Index)指数与样点的箱须图都表现出合理的趋势,而且IPS和TDI间、及与环境因子及其他硅藻指数间的相关性显著.表明IPS和TDI适合进行龙江与柳江中段的水质生物监测评价,而本文提出的硅藻指数适用性技术也具有一定的推广价值.     

龙江底栖硅藻群落特征及与环境因子的关系

2013年9月份龙江流域设20个采样点,共鉴定出硅藻30属163种。硅藻群落特征分析表明,上游河段的硅藻相对密度比下游河段的大,水质相对较好,硅藻种类数的变化与河流水质的变化没表现出明显的规律性。RDA分析表明8个环境因子共解释了硅藻群落变异的51.3%,并筛选出溶解氧、温度、电导率和海拔为影响硅藻群落变异和空间分布的显著因子,能解释硅藻群落结构变异的30.9%,占总环境因子解释量的60.23%。硅藻相对密度、硅藻种类数与环境因子的相关分析、聚类分析和回归分析表明,硅藻种类数与环境因子间不存在明显的相关关系,而硅藻相对密度则与海拔存在显著的相关关系。     

臭氧+曝气生物滤池深度处理工艺试验研究

针对某污水厂出水不达标的情况,本研究采用臭氧(O3)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对其进行深度处理.结果表明,当采用两级臭氧+曝气生物滤池工艺时,出水COD在31～46 mg/L,色度在13～29倍,均达到一级A排放标准.在最佳运行条件下,臭氧氧化使相对分子质量大于50 000的有机物含量减少10％,小于1 000的有机物含量增加14％.曝气生物滤池工艺使相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物含量降低了24％.