顶空气质联机测定水中挥发性有机物的方法研究

本文优化了用顶空-气质联机法测定水中挥发性有机物的实验条件,为今后的相关工作做一些准备。     

荒漠能源植物气化发电的环境影响评价

对荒漠生物质气化发电进行LCA评价,建立评价模型,在评价过程中选用了燃煤发电系统为参照.研究结果表明,生物质利用过程没有CO2的排放,整个发电周期中仅原料的生产、运输以及预处理过程消耗能量导致CO2排放,因此生物质气化发电方案的排放量远远小于燃煤方案,减排量达到了87%-94%.生物质发电与燃煤发电相比,对环境污染降低程度的总指数为3.68.生物质能源的开发大大削减了化石能源利用带来的环境污染问题,同时也能够缓解能源危机.     

金汇港污染特征及其来源研究

根据历年监测数据研究了金汇港地表水污染水平、特征、变化规律及主要来源。结果表明,目前污染主要来自于生活污水及农村非点源且呈现出季节特征。     

南黄海绿潮分布区浮游植物的生态特征

根据2008年8月绿潮暴发期间南黄海调查资料,初步分析绿潮分布区浮游植物的种类组成、优势种及细胞数等生态特征,并与历史资料进行比较,探讨了绿潮对浮游植物生态特征的影响.结果表明,共发现浮游植物58种,其中硅藻38种,甲藻19种,金藻1种;共有优势种8种,硅藻7种,甲藻1种,第一优势种为佛氏海毛藻,优势度为0.201;细...     

臭氧催化氧化处理压裂废液的实验研究

针对压裂废液黏度高、COD浓度高等特点,研究了一种以絮凝-臭氧催化氧化为主的压裂废液深度处理技术,对絮凝剂加量、助凝剂加量、臭氧加量、反应时间、pH等条件进行了优化,得出了压裂废液处理最佳工艺条件;处理后水质达到GB 8979-1996二级指标。     

Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

A novel adsorbent named lipoid adsorption material (LAM), with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and a hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide), was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine (a type of HOC) removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon (PAC), LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6–12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.     

磷酸铵镁热解产物循环沉氨技术进展研究

化学药剂费用过高以及磷酸盐元素的消耗和化学污泥的利用问题是阻碍磷酸铵镁结晶技术应用推广的难题之一,磷酸铵镁热解产物循环技术可解决上述难题.本文叙述了磷酸铵镁热解产物沉氨机理,磷酸铵镁热解影响因素以及热解产物沉氨过程中的影响因素及机理;并阐述了磷酸铵镁热解产物循环过程中带来的新的问题以及可能的解决方法.     

山西省庞泉沟大气环境背景监测站建设经验探讨

建设国家级大气环境背景监测站是系统掌握区域性大气环境质量,是大气环境管理重要的基础性工作。本研究以山西省庞泉沟大气环境背景监测站建设为例,基于站点选址原则、选取方法说明的基础上,介绍了庞泉沟大气环境背景监测站点位确定的考量因素,以及该站点基建内容、监测项目和质量控制体系等建设、运行情况,并梳理了该站建设、运行过程中的仍存在问题及改进建议,期望对中国同类型大气环境背景监测站建设、运行提供借鉴与参考。     

基于模糊数学的重庆地区雷电灾害风险评估方法研究

科学合理的雷电灾害风险评估能有效指导防雷减灾工作,不过目前雷电风险评估体系尚不完善,在某些时候不能真实地评价项目的雷电灾害风险,比如在评估大型住宅小区、大面积的厂房等时,现有的评估结果不能准确地反映客观风险。在深入研究雷电成灾机制和重庆雷电活动规律的基础上,利用模糊数学理论,通过致灾因子、暴露性和承灾体易损性三个方面进行分析,提出重庆地区的雷电风险评估方法。通过具体的评估验证,该方法有较好的适用性,能更好地为防雷减灾服务,也能完善现有的雷电灾害风险评估体系。