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Do parks work? Impact of protected areas on land cover clearing 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Nagendra H 《Ambio》2008,37(5):330-337
This paper evaluates the impact of protected areas on land-cover clearing, using a metadata analysis of information on 49 locations from 22 countries. Protected areas had significantly lower rates of clearing in comparison to their surroundings. In addition, protected areas had also significantly lowered rates of clearing within their boundary following initiation of protection. Thus, protected areas do appear to be effective at limiting overall land-cover clearing. There was some variation in the rates of clearing across regions, where most protected areas from North America and Europe showed positive rates of land-cover change, while protected areas from Asia had the highest rates of land-cover clearing. While most protected areas from North America and Europe involved a relatively smaller number of actors, a greater number of actors and drivers of clearing was implicated in protected areas from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, indicating the increased difficulties faced by park management in these regions. In contrast, country income levels and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources category of protection did not appear to impact the likelihood of land-cover clearing in protected areas. 相似文献
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Protected areas (PAs) are cornerstones of biodiversity conservation, but small parks alone cannot support wide-ranging species,
such as the tiger. Hence, forest dynamics in the surrounding landscapes of PAs are also important to tiger conservation. Tiger
landscapes often support considerable human population in proximity of the PA, sometimes within the core itself, and thus
are subject to various land use activities (such as agricultural expansion and road development) driving habitat loss and
fragmentation. We synthesize information from 27 journal articles in 24 tiger landscapes to assess forest-cover dynamics in
tiger-range countries. Although 29% of the PAs considered in this study have negligible change in overall forest cover, approximately
71% are undergoing deforestation and fragmentation. Approximately 58% of the total case studies have human settlements within
the core area. Most changes—including agricultural expansion, plantation, and farming (52%), fuelwood and fodder collection
(43%), logging (38%), grazing (38%), and tourism and development (10%)—can be attributed to human impacts largely linked to
the nature of the management regime. This study highlights the need for incorporating new perspectives, ideas, and lessons
learned locally and across borders into management plans to ensure tiger conservation in landscapes dominated by human activities.
Given the increasing isolation of most parks due to agricultural, infrastructural, and commercial developments at the periphery,
it is imperative to conduct planning and evaluation at the landscape level, as well as incorporate multiple actors and institutions
in planning, instead of focusing solely on conservation within the PAs as is currently the case in most tiger parks. 相似文献
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Landscapes of Protection: Forest Change and Fragmentation in Northern West Bengal,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harini Nagendra Somajita Paul Sajid Pareeth Sugato Dutt 《Environmental management》2009,44(5):853-864
In the tropics and sub-tropics, where high levels of biodiversity co-exist with some of the greatest levels of population
density, achieving complete exclusion in protected area contexts has proved close to impossible. There is a clear need to
recognize that parks are significantly impacted by human–environment interactions in the larger landscape within which they
are embedded, and to move the frontier of research beyond the boundaries of protected areas in order to examine larger landscapes
where multiple forms of ownership and access are embedded. This research evaluates forest change and fragmentation between
1990 and 2000, in a landscape surrounding the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of West Bengal. This protected
forest is bounded to the south by a less intensively protected area, the Baikunthapur Reserve Forest, and surrounded by a
mosaic of unprotected, largely private land holdings. Results indicate differences in the extent and spatial pattern of forest
cover change in these three zones, corresponding to different levels of government protection, access and monitoring. The
two protected areas experience a trend toward forest regrowth, relating to the cessation of commercial logging by park management
during this period. Yet, there is still substantial clearing toward peripheral areas that are well connected to illegal timber
markets by transportation networks. The surrounding landscape, although experiencing some forest regrowth within less intensively
cultivated tea plantations, is also becoming increasingly fragmented, with potentially critical impacts on the maintenance
of effective wildlife corridors in this ecologically critical region. 相似文献
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There is a critical need to locate innovative forest management institutions that significantly impact forest cover change. This research presents an initial "proof of concept" methodology which combines deforestation theory with satellite image change analysis to identify forested areas that, theoretically, should probably not be there. Ten such "forest anomalies" are identified using temporal analysis of Landsat TM imagery of the Chitwan district in Nepal, linked with a GIS database on roads and a visual estimation of topography. A rapid field reconnaissance is undertaken to determine which of these anomalies exhibit interesting forest management innovations. Based on this information, one case is selected for detailed field study: this turns out to be a major case of community forestry and a premier ecotourism initiative that we were not aware of until we undertook this analysis. The utility and limitations of the method are described for monitoring trends in forest cover change. 相似文献
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Charles M.Schweik Harini Nagendra Deb Ranjan Sinha 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(4):312-319
现迫切需要确定那些对森林覆盖率变化有显著影响的森林经营制度.这个研究提出了初步的"概念依据"方法论,它把毁林理论与卫星图像变化分析结合起来鉴定理论上也许不存在的林区.通过对尼泊尔Chitwan地区陆地卫星TM图像时间分析,结合道路地理信息系统以及对地形的目视估计,鉴定出10个这样的森林异相.再通过快速野外调查,确定哪一个异相出现有用的创新性森林经营.根据这个信息,选择了一个实地作详细的野外调查.通过这一项分析,我们发现这是一个重要的社区林和生态旅游的项目.此前我们并不知其存在.文章对这种方法在监测森林覆盖变化的应用的价值和局限进行了描述. 相似文献
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This article compares a range of initiatives aimed at involving people in the management of forest resources in Nepal and
India. In Nepal, we focus on three categories of state-initiated programs: community forestry, the parks’ buffer zone program,
and leasehold forestry. In the southern Indian state of Karnataka, we study the state-initiated Joint Forest Planning and
Management program along with older institutions of leaf manure forests (Soppina betta) and historical sacred forests (Kans). We conclude that state-initiated approaches to involving communities have been limited, at best, promote standardized and
relatively inflexible management practices, and lead to partial improvement in biodiversity and people’s livelihoods. When
management is initiated and owned by the community, as in the case of sacred groves in India, and when other conditions are
appropriate, communities can have the opportunity to demonstrate their capacity for putting effective and adaptive conservation
practices in place. 相似文献
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Naveenkumar Rasaiah Ravichandran Manickam Mohanavel Vinayagam Karthick Alagar Aswin Lawrence Sundar Raj Leo Priyanka Swaminathan Shanmugasundaram Harini Kumar Sundramurthy Kiran Kumar Shanmugavelan Pradeep 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9491-9532
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The energy storage application plays a vital role in the utilization of the solar energy technologies. There are various types of the energy storage... 相似文献