小麦生长周期中土壤Cu的迁移转化实验研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤Cu添加浓度下,在小麦生长不同时期,小麦根区土壤与非根区土壤中总量Cu和有效态Cu的浓度,以此揭示其迁移转化特征。研究发现:小麦生长可以对土壤中的Cu进行吸收,拔节期小麦吸收能力最强;Cu添加有利于小麦对土壤中Cu的吸收,在试验水平下,添加浓度越高促进作用越明显,在200 mg/kg Cu添加浓度下,成熟期土壤中Cu含量较幼苗期减少了79%;小麦生长使土壤中有效态Cu占总量Cu的比重增加,并且使非根区土壤中Cu向根区土壤迁移。     

Aerosol optical properties of regional background atmosphere in Northeast China

Aerosol optical properties from 2005 to 2008 at the Longfengshan regional background station in Northeast China were measured and analyzed. The annual mean of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm for the four years was about 0.27 ± 0.25, 0.39 ± 0.37, 0.35 ± 0.34, and 0.38 ± 0.38, respectively, and the corresponding annual mean for the Angstrom exponent between 440 nm and 870 nm was about 1.43 ± 0.48, 1.23 ± 0.37, 1.53 ± 0.47, and 1.55 ± 0.42. The average monthly AOD_440nm showed similar seasonal variation with a maximum in spring and a minimum in autumn. The monthly means of AOD at 440, 675, 870 and 1020 nm increase from the January to March with the maxima about 0.77 ± 0.04, 0.65 ± 0.04, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.57 ± 0.07, respectively and decrease from September to February with the minima about 0.32 ± 0.12, 0.22 ± 0.09, 0.15 ± 0.08, and 0.13 ± 0.07 in January. The monthly mean of Angstrom exponent shows a minimum in March (0.97 ± 0.52) and a maximum in September (1.66 ± 0.29). Both the AOD and Angstrom exponent presents single peak distributions of occurrence frequencies. The Longfenshan data showed high AODs (>1.00) both clustering in the fine mode growth wing and the coarse mode. Two typical cases under dust and haze conditions showed that the AOD under dusty day decreased from 2.20 to 1.20 and the Angstrom exponent increased from 0.10 to 1.00. On the contrast, the AOD under haze day remained relatively stable about 0.90 and the Angstrom exponent was around 1.40. The 3-day backtrajectory analysis at Longfengshan illustrated that the air-masses near ground on the dust day were from Bohai Sea and passed through Liaodong Peninsula and Northeast plain in China. But the air-masses on 500 m AGL were originated from western Mongolia and crossed Gobi deserts, Otindag Sand Land and Horqin Sand Land in Northeast China. The air-masses at Longfengshan near ground 500 m and 1000 m AGL on the haze days were from North China Region and passed through Northeast Heavy Industrial Base in Northeast China.     

钛酸锂在混合电容器中的性能研究

以活性炭(AC)为正极,Li4Ti5O12和活性炭(AC)的混合物为负极组装成混合电容器。对比了水性粘结剂和油系粘结剂对混合电容器的放电容量、循环性能和内阻的影响。结果表明当负极中Li4Ti5O12和AC比例为1.5:1时,混合电容器的比容量最高,为79.5F/g,且2000次循环寿命衰减率仅为6.83%,有望实现实用化。     

环境保护市场化推进实践与思考

在分析环境保护市场化推进经验与制约瓶颈的基础上,从公共物品、准公共物品和私人物品特征明显的环境保护领域3个方面提出了环境保护市场化推进的重点领域与推进机制,并从加大监察执法力度、优化专项资金使用、强化政策引导和加强环保市场监管等方面提出了环境保护市场化的推进措施与建议。     

河道黑臭污染简易评价方法研究

河道黑臭主因是底泥和水体在缺氧乃至厌氧条件下,污染物转化并产生氨氮、硫化氢、挥发性有机酸等恶臭物质以及铁、锰硫化物等黑色物质.目前,河道黑臭评价主要采用多因子黑臭指数法(NH3-N、COD、DO等),但NH3-N、COD难以在现场快速测定,也无法定量袁征底泥黑臭程度.本文选取能够现场快速监测的氧化还原电位ORP作为独立黑臭评价指标,分析论证了ORP与部分黑臭因子DO、S∞、PH、SO4=的相关性,结果表明,ORP与pH、SO42-、DO、S2-相关性较好,可以单独作为水体和底泥黑臭现场监测评价指标,用于入河污水、河道水体与河道底泥黑臭度的现场快速监测和定量评价.     

铈插层黏土负载铁催化剂在H2S选择性催化氧化过程中催化性能的研究

合成了铈插层的Laponite黏土材料(Ce-Lap),并以此材料为载体,分别负载质量分数为3%、5%、8%、10%的Fe制备Fe/Ce-Lap催化剂,通过XRD、氮气吸脱附曲线、XRF、TG、FT-IR、O2-TPD、H2-TPR、XPS等手段,对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征测试,并考察了催化剂在H2S选择性催化氧化反应过程中的活性.结果表明,5%的Fe/Ce-Lap在180℃时表现出最好的催化活性,能达到96%的硫产率,这归因于Fe与Ce之间的相互作用,改善了Fe3+的氧化还原能力.此外,较高的氧吸附能力及铁物种的高分散度促进了氧化反应的进行.     

3种典型消毒副产物对细菌抗生素抗性的影响

本文研究了消毒副产物对细菌抗生素抗性的作用.分别选取三卤甲烷类(THMs)、卤乙酸类(HAAs)以及醛类消毒副产物中典型物质一氯二溴甲烷(CDBM)、碘乙酸(IAA)和水合三氯乙醛(CH),研究了细菌经消毒副产物染毒之后,对多种抗生素的抗性变化情况.结果发现,3种消毒副产物均可以诱导野生型铜绿假单胞菌提高对5种受试抗生素的抗性,提高作用IAACHCDBM.IAA对多重抗性也具有一定的提高作用.野生型大肠杆菌的抗生素抗性同样能够被DBPs诱导提高,说明DBPs对抗性的影响具有普遍性.其作用机制可能是DBPs通过氧化胁迫机制诱导细菌发生突变,进而提高细菌抗生素抗性.本研究表明饮用水系统中部分细菌抗生素抗性的获得可能与消毒副产物有关;除毒理学风险外,消毒副产物的流行病学风险同样不容忽视.     

Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organophosphorous pesticides to fish (Cyprinus carpio)

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between 1381 chemical and structural parameters of 43 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and their toxicity to fish, Cyprinus carpio, using ChemOffice 8.03 and Dragon 2.1. By multivariate linear regression and intervariable regression analyses, various equations have been derived to calculate the lethal toxicity value, LC(50), for 43 OPs found in fish with different levels of toxicity. Results show that for all selected OPs, especially those of low toxic OPs (LC(50)< 2.5 mM), the equation, LC(50) = 56.259 - 13.071 lg K(ow)+17.510 MATS8P-17.455 Mor24u - 0.085 MW + 1.706 (lg K(ow))(2) + 2.306 (Mor14e)(2) + 6.849 Mor20 m (n = 43, F = 36.815, r = 0.942, r(adj)(2) = 0.862, SE = 2.899, p < 10(-6)), could account for 86.2% of the variability of the toxic effect. The steric and electronic characteristics and the hydrophobicity of OPs, in particular, are among the most important parameters determining the toxicity of OPs to fish. For the OPs with high toxicity, different structural parameters were introduced into the following two equations: LC(50)=3.795-1.195 (H1p)(2)-0.037 U-2.225 MATS3v-19.593 Tcon (n = 16, F = 56.820, r = 0.977, r(adj)(2) = 0.937, SE = 0.143, p < 10(-6)), where LC(50) is less than 2.5 mM, and LC(50) = 0.341-0.561 (HOMA)(2) + 0.231 HOMA (n = 3,r(adj)(2) = 1), where LC(50) is less than 0.3 mM. These results suggest that chemical and structural parameters could be useful in modeling chemical reactivity within homologous series of OP compounds and elucidating possible mechanisms associated with different levels of toxicity to fish.     

长江中游地区水资源产业化开发研究

长江中游地区对丰富的水资源进行产业化开发可实现振兴经济的目的,其中售水、水电、水运、水域农业和水上旅游业是主要开发领域。水资源产业化开发的利益关系由合理的收费与价格体系进行协调。     

工业园区水污染防治的问题与对策探讨

随着快速工业化发展,尤其是新建工业项目"入园进区"的推进,工业园区水污染防治越来越成为工业污染防治的重中之重。本文通过从园区准入、适用标准、管理体系等方面对当前工业园区水污染防治中的问题的梳理,对工业园区系统化的工业园区环境行政管理体系进行探讨,研究建议:在园区设立时,应突出区域上资源、能源、环境三元优化与统一,园区企业入园突出环境准入尤其是有利于园区的生态化与循环化改造;在园区企业水污染防治中,应探索园区企业协同治污的差异化排放标准,建立全过程控制水污染防治路线;在环境管理体制创新中,应以排污许可管理为主线,构建园区环境管理相关方协同的系统管理机制。