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排序方式: 共有250条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
61.
62.
Douglas P. Ruth Lindell R. Holtzmeier 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):780-782
The conservation equations governing buoyant plume rise are solved for the case of non-uniform wind conditions. A power law is selected to represent the actual wind profile. Analytical solutions are presented both for uniformly stable and neutral atmospheric conditions. These solutions are shown to be of the same form as those obtained in the simpler uniform case but with the plume rise now depending explicitly on the wind speed shear. A sensitivity analysis of the effects on plume rise of typical variation in wind shear and entrainment reveals that the two quantities have an almost equal effect therefore justifying the use of the present model. To simplify computations a “uniform wind” is introduced such that when used in conjunction with Briggs' equations the results become consistent with those of the present theory. 相似文献
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A study using 17β-14C4-estradiol (14C-E2) was performed to confirm and characterize the catalytic transformation of estrogens in the presence of a model vegetable matter (namely rabbit food) as a surrogate material for vegetable wastes found in sewage. Results corroborated the occurrence of an abiotic transformation. Unknown transformation byproduct(s) accounted, respectively, for 38% and 9% of the initial radioactivity in liquid and extractable solid phases after 72 h; on the other hand, only 15% and 7% of this radioactivity corresponded to 14C-E2 in those same matrices. Mass balance was closed including the radioactivity irreversibly bounded to the solid phase. Formation of 14C4-estrone was monitored by Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry detection; negative results were found in all sampling events. This process could be harnessed to optimize sustainable technologies for the removal of phenolic microcontaminants from wastewater. 相似文献
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Ruth M. Loewy Liliana B. Monza Veronica E. Kirs Monica C. Savini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):662-670
An assessment of the off-site migration of pesticides from agricultural activity into the environment in the Neuquen River Valley was performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of pesticides in several compartments of a small agricultural sub-catchment. Soil, surface water, shallow groundwater and drift deposition were analyzed for pesticide residues. Results showed the presence of some pesticide residues in soil, surface water and shallow groundwater compartments. The highest detection frequencies in water (surface and subsurface) were found for azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos (>70%). In terms of concentration, the highest levels were observed in shallow groundwater for azinphos methyl (22.5 μg/L) and carbaryl (45.7 μg/L). In the soil, even before the application period had started, accumulation of residues was present. These residues increased during the period studied. Spray drift during pesticide application was found to be a significant pathway for the migration of pesticide residues in surface water, while leaching and preferential flows were the main transport routes contributing to subsurface contamination. 相似文献
68.
Monika Schaffner Hans-Peter Bader Ruth Scheidegger 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):403-422
With the worldwide intensification of agriculture, non-point source pollution of surface waters has become a pressing issue.
Conventional river water quality models consider non-point sources as accumulated entries into the rivers and do not investigate
into the processes generating the pollution at its source, thus preventing the determination of effective mitigation measures.
The models require extensive data inputs, which is a deficiency in many developing and emerging countries with limited data
availability. The current study applies a Material Flow Model as a complementary approach to quantify non-point source pollution
from agricultural areas. Rice farming in the Thachin River Basin is presented as a case study, with a focus on nutrients.
The total nitrogen and phosphorus flows from rice farming to the river system are quantified, the key parameters influencing
these flows are determined and potential mitigation measures are discussed. The results show that rice contributes considerable
nutrient loads to the Thachin River Basin. Scenario simulations demonstrate that a significant nutrient load reduction could
be achieved by following the official recommendations for fertilizer application, thus confirming the local efforts to introduce
best management practice. Our results underline the importance of non-point source pollution control in intensive agricultural
areas, particularly of tropical lowland delta areas such as the Central Plains of Thailand. The specific benefit of applying
a Material Flow Model in this context is that with limited data availability, one can reach an understanding of the system
and gain a first overview over its key pollution problems. This can serve as supportive basis for determining consecutive
in-depth research requirements. 相似文献
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Confronting limitations: new solutions required for urban water management in Kunming City 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huang DB Bader HP Scheidegger R Schertenleib R Gujer W 《Journal of environmental management》2007,84(1):49-61
Despite continuous investment and various efforts to control pollution, urban water environments are worsening in large parts of the developing world. In order to reveal potential constraints and limitations of current practices of urban water management and to stimulate proactive intervention, we conducted a material flow analysis of the urban water system in Kunming City. The results demonstrate that the current efficiency of wastewater treatment is only around 25% and the emission of total phosphorous from the city into its receiving water, Dianchi Lake, is more than 25 times higher than its estimated tolerance. With regard to the crisis of water quantity and quality, the goal of a sustainable urban water environment cannot be attained with the current problem-solving approach in the region due to the technical limitations of the conventional urban drainage and treatment systems. A set of strategies is therefore proposed. The urban drainage system in Zurich is used as a reference for a potential best-available technology for conventional urban water management (BAT) scenario in terms of its low combined frequency of sewer overflow. 相似文献