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251.
In response to the pressing global challenges of climate change, initiatives under the auspices of ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation’ (REDD) have been implemented in over 30 developing and least-developed countries since 2005. The initiatives cover nearly every significant and vulnerable forest ecosystem worldwide. In this study we review six representative initiatives, two each from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis is done to evaluate each initiative's policy framework, design, implementation and results thus far. The main policy and project implementation factors that appear to lead to effective and successful REDD project outcomes include having clearly formulated project design; governance, land tenure rights and capacity; equity and transparency; indigenous peoples' rights and knowledge; local–international coordination; and enhancing local and institutional capacities. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for future REDD policy action and project implementation to make it work for the poor and achieve its intended goals. 相似文献
252.
A flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric method for the determination of the herbicide pinoxaden (PXD) has been proposed. PXD was converted in alkaline media with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to the hydroxamate salt. The salt was reacted with iron(III) chloride, and the absorbance of the red colored tris iron hydroxamate complex was measured at 500?nm using a FI system. The method was found to be linear between 0.5 and 40?mg?L?1 with a molar absorptivity of 1.53?×?104?L?mol?1?cm?1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.1?±?0.01?mg?L?1 and 0.6?±?0.05?mg?L?1, respectively. Any interference of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE) was avoided by the separation of PXD by liquid chromatography with a mixture of dichloromethane and n-hexane (1?:?1) as eluent. The method was applied to the determination of PXD in soil, water, and wheat grains with percent recoveries of 98?±?2, 100?±?2, and 98?±?5, respectively. Sample throughput of 60 samples per hour was achieved under optimized conditions. 相似文献
253.
Aijuan Wang Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan Mingliang Fu Asad Naeem Shah Yan Ding Hong Zhao Bin Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(3):419-426
On-road emission and fuel consumption (FC) levels for Euro III and IV buses fueled on diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG)
were compared, and emission and FC characteristics of buses were analyzed based on approximately 28,700 groups of instantaneous
data obtained in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results revealed that NOx and
PM emissions from CNG buses were decreased by 72.0% and 82.3% respectively, compared with Euro IV diesel buses. Similarly,
these emissions were reduced by 75.2% and 96.3% respectively, compared with Euro III diesel buses. In addition, CO2, CO, HC,
NOx, PM emissions and FC of Euro IV diesel buses were reduced by 26.4%, 75.2%, 73.6%, 11.4%, 79.1%, and 26.0%, respectively,
relative to Euro III diesel buses. The CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC factors all decreased with bus speed increased, while
increased as bus acceleration increased. At the same time, the emission/FC rates as well as the emission/FC factors exhibited a strong
positive correlation with the vehicle specific power (VSP). They all were the lowest when VSP < 0, and then rapidly increased as VSP
increased. Furthermore, both the emission/FC rates and emission/FC factors were the highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds,
and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses. These results can provide a base reference to further estimate bus emission and FC
inventories in Beijing. 相似文献
254.
Zhihua Liu Asad Naeem Shah Yunshan Ge Yan Ding Jianwei Tan Lei Jiang Linxiao Yu Wei Zhao Chu Wang Tao Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(5):798-807
The effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) systems on regulated gaseous emissions, and number-size
distribution and mass of particles emanated from a diesel engine have been investigated in this study. Two CRDPF units (CRDPF-1
and CRDPF-2) with di erent specifications were separately retrofitted to the engine running with European steady-state cycle (ESC).
An electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) was used for particle number-size distribution measurement and mass estimation. The
conversion/reduction rate (RCR) of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) across CRDPF-1 was 83% and 96.3%, respectively.
Similarly, the RCR of HC and CO and across CRDPF-2 was 91.8% and 99.1%, respectively. The number concentration of particles
and their concentration peaks; nuclei mode, accumulation mode and total particles; and particle mass were highly reduced with the
CRDPF units. The nuclei mode particles at downstream of CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2 decreased by 99.9% to 100% and 97.8% to 99.8%
respectively; and the particle mass reduced by 73% to 92.2% and 35.3% to 72.4%, respectively, depending on the engine conditions.
In addition, nuclei mode particles increased with the increasing of engine speed due to the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the
higher exhaust temperature, while accumulation mode particles were higher at higher loads due to the decrease in the air-to-fuel ratio
(A/F) at higher loads. 相似文献
255.
Wajid Rehman S. W. H. Shah Kamran Younis Mohsan Nawaz Musa Kaleem Baloch Gulzar Hameed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):151-156
The fate of trace elements (like Ca, Fe, Al, Pb, K, and Cu) in various pulses (mash, mung, lentils and red kidney beans) of Pakistan has been studied. Samples were collected from two districts (Mansehra and Rawalpindi) and analyzed by wet acid digestion method using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experimental results show that the intensity of heavy metal accumulation in plants depends upon the type of the soil, the species of plants, the physicochemical properties of heavy metals, and their content in the soil. The obtained values were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for food quality. The grains from District Mansehra contained greater amount of trace metals as compared to those collected from District Rawalpindi. However, those values did not exceed the upper limits described by the WHO in nearly all the cases. Based on these findings, the consumption of pulses in larger amounts may easily be recommended. 相似文献
256.
Riffat Naseem Malik Sidra Rauf Ashiq Mohammad Syed-Ali-Musstjab-Akber Shah Eqani Karam Ahad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):325-341
In this study, residual concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediments, prey, and eggs of Bubulcus ibis were measured from three breeding heronries from the Punjab province of Pakistan. Pattern of contamination in eggs followed the order: DDTs > HCHs > heptachlor > aldrin. Overall, pesticide residual concentrations were greater in eggs of cattle egrets collected from heronry on the River Ravi. Among HCHs, ??-HCH was more prevalent in eggs, whereas DDTs followed the order: DDD > DDE > p,p ??-DDT > o,p ??-DDT. Eggshell thinning was detected which showed negative relationship with residual concentration of DDE. In prey samples, residual concentration of POPs followed the order: DDTs > HCHs > dicofol > heptachlor; however, contamination pattern in sediments followed a slightly different order: DDTs > heptachlor > dicofol > HCHs > dieldrin > aldrin. Concentration of ??-HCH was more prevalent in sediments and comparatively greater concentrations of POPs were measured in sediments collected from the River Ravi. Dicofol was found for the very first time in the biological samples from Pakistan, and its concentration was measured as relatively high in eggs from heronry from the River Chenab. Residual concentrations measured in eggs were below the levels that could affect egret populations. Biomagnification of the total OCPs through the food chain was evident in three breeding heronries. The concentration of DDE measured in eggs of the cattle egret suggests the need for monitoring this contaminant in other bird species at different trophic levels. 相似文献
257.
Manori Sheetal Shah Vijendra Soni Vandana Dutta Kasturi Daverey Achlesh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):58872-58884
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of pine needle biochar as a soil amendment to promote the growth of Bidens pilosa... 相似文献
258.
Jan Amin Ullah Hadi Fazal Shah Abdullah Ditta Allah Nawaz Muhammad Asif Tariq Muhammad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43417-43430
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil pollution due to potentially toxic elements is a worldwide challenge for health and food security. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction along with... 相似文献
259.
Husna Hussain Anwar Shah Mohib Hamayun Muhammad Qadir Muhammad Iqbal Amjad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(11):15501-15515
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In modern agricultural practice, heavy metal (HM) contamination is one of the main abiotic stress threatening sustainable agriculture, crop... 相似文献
260.
Rahman Md. Mominur Islam Md. Rezaul Shohag Sheikh Hossain Md. Emon Shah Muddaser shuvo Shakil khan Khan Hosneara Chowdhury Md. Arifur Rahman Bulbul Israt Jahan Hossain Md. Sarowar Sultana Sharifa Ahmed Muniruddin Akhtar Muhammad Furqan Saleem Ammara Rahman Md. Habibur 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46527-46550
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19, which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread over the world, posing a... 相似文献