电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水的启动及生物膜特性分析

将电气石与生物膜技术结合构建电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水,通过电气石调节生物膜微环境,以增强微生物代谢活性,从而提高了反应系统的处理能力。结果表明:电气石强化厌氧流化床(AFBR)反应系统经历160 d完成中药废水的启动实验,反应系统COD去除率达到87.8%,容积负荷达到5.34 kg·(m3·d)~(-1),生物膜产甲烷活性达到126.4 mL·(g·d)~(-1);电气石强化好氧流化床(FBR)反应系统统经历35 d完成启动实验后,出水COD稳定在76.5 mg·L~(-1),反应系统对应的COD去除率和容积负荷分别为90.3%和1.4 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)。中药废水依次经AFBR和FBR处理后,出水水质满足《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21906-2008)排放要求。以上结果可为实际工程项目提供理论依据和参考。     

膜电解技术处理含氯及重金属的废酸

采用离子交换膜电解技术处理铜冶炼过程产生的含氯及重金属的废酸。考察了废酸处理工艺、电解温度、电解时间、电流密度和催化剂的添加等条件对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：采用先沉淀重金属后脱氯的废酸处理工艺，氯离子和铜离子的去除效果均较好;当以钛盐为催化剂时，在电解温度为40 ℃、电解时间为2.0 h、电流密度为825 A/m²的最佳工艺条件下，处理后废酸中的氯离子质量浓度为0.22 g/L，氯离子去除率为98.59%，铜离子质量浓度为0.45 g/L，铜离子去除率为95.08%，其他重金属大部分也得到有效去除。净化后的废酸可回用至铜冶炼的生产过程中。     

Degradation of streptomycin in aquatic environment: kinetics,pathway, and antibacterial activity analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Streptomycin used in human and veterinary medicine is released into the environment mainly through excretions. As such, its elimination in water...     

Assessment of urban sustainability efficiency based on general data envelopment analysis: a case study of two cities in western and eastern China

Sustainable urban development focuses on enhancing urban well-being, while also balancing the demands of urban social and economic development, natural resource consumption, and environmental pollution. This work used general data envelopment analysis to assess the urban sustainability efficiency (USE) and sustainability potential (SP) in Lanzhou and Xiamen, two cities that are characteristic of urban areas in western and eastern China. The assessment indicator system included important natural and urban welfare factors as input and output indices, respectively. The results showed that overall urban sustainability efficiency increased in Lanzhou and Xiamen from 1985 to 2010, but that the sustainability of natural resources clearly decreased. The urban sustainability efficiency of Xiamen was higher than that of Lanzhou, and the sustainability potential of Xiamen was lower than that of Lanzhou; this indicates that Xiamen performed better in terms of urban sustainable development. The urban sustainability efficiency in Xiamen has increased with increasing urban population, and the rate and scale of economic development have been higher than in Lanzhou. The assessment and analysis performed in this study show that cities with different natural resources and development characteristics have different forms, patterns, and trajectories of sustainable development.     

气溶胶中抗生素抗性基因研究进展:以养殖场和医院为例

抗生素在医药和养殖业的大量使用导致耐药菌的出现,加速了抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)在不同环境介质中的传播扩散,抗生素耐药性已成为目前全球卫生、食品安全和发展的最大威胁之一。气溶胶作为ARGs的潜在储存库缺乏系统的研究数据,而通过空气传播具有较高抗生素抗性水平的细菌可能是引起重要疾病的主要传播途径。本文针对养殖场和医院2个抗生素大量使用的典型场所,对气溶胶中ARGs的污染现状、样品采集与检测技术进行综述,并探讨了这一环境污染的潜在风险,表明开展气溶胶中ARGs研究的必要性,并为以后需开展的工作提出几点建议。     

美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计介绍

介绍了美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计。首先,指导性文件《基本水质监测方案》中的环境监测计划要求建立1个不少于1 000个点位的国家地表水质环境监测网,并提出了点位设计的标准,包括4点基本要求和针对每一类水域的具体要求。其次,另一指导性文件《准备州综合水质评估(305b报告)和电子升级:报告内容的准则》提出了1种新的对水质的综合性评估技术,要求在传统的判断点位设计的基础上增加概率统计点位设计方法。最后,全国一致的概率统计点位设计是相当有效的获知全国范围的水质情况及变化趋势的方法,EPA完全支持通过这种概率统计点位设计的方法来评估更多的水质状况。概率统计点位设计是EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计的发展趋势。     

微波萃取肉类样品中的多氯联苯方法研究

用丙酮和正己烷（1＋1）的混合溶剂做萃取剂，采用微波萃取的方法提取动物肉类中的9个多氯联苯（PCBs）单体，通过弗罗里硅土和氧化铝净化后，在带ECD检测器的气相色谱上测定。取样量为2g时，多氯联苯（PCBs）在GC—ECD上响应的线性范围为11～100ng／g，研究的样品加标测定范围为11—500ng／g，检出限从5．3—13．3ng／g，平均加标回收率在98．7％-118％。     

四川省能源消费的CO2排放状况及减排对策

根据中提供的碳排放计量方法,计算了四川省1999-2008年能源消费的CO2排放量、CO2排放强度以及能源消费各部门的CO2排放量,并根据结果分析了影响CO2排放量变化的主要因素.结果表明,1999-2008年,四川省能源消费CO2排放量总体呈上升趋势;CO2排放量受能源消费...     

Insight into metal binding properties of biochar-derived DOM using EEM-PARAFAC and differential absorption spectra combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) will be released into the environment with biochars application into repairing...     

The effects of autophagy in rat tracheal epithelial cells induced by silver nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The massive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is potentially harmful to exposed humans. Although previous studies have found that AgNPs can induce...