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951.
罗汉高 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(6):10-12
水的经济价值和生态价值对人类社会的发展起到了决定性的作用。随着农业发展和工业进步,水资源匮乏,生活用水不洁净等引发的水危机已经不断地引发社会矛盾。为此浙江省提出了“治污水、防洪水、排涝水、保供水、抓节水———‘五水共治’”的目标,明确了地方政府的责任与义务,但治理效果并不乐观。环保法的修订为“五水共治”提供了坚实的理论基础,并从确立全流域综合生态管理、建立水体保护的综合协调机制等方面提出了浙江省水资源治理策略。 相似文献
952.
为揭示河流梯级开发对生源要素氮磷输运的影响,本研究选择乌江流域的普定、乌江渡、思林作为上、中、下游梯级水库的代表,于2020年8月采集各水库水体剖面和沉积物柱样品,测定氮磷含量,并用SMT法提取沉积物磷形态。结果发现,受中下游人为污染输入影响,乌江渡水库水体总氮浓度最高,为3.92±0.50mg/L,总磷浓度在此坝前到下游急剧抬升为上游的2~3倍,达到0.04~0.06mg/L;坝前沉积物含有大量的高释放风险的铁铝活性磷(1310.3±1003.3mg/kg),可能成为下游的潜在污染源。中下游水库较高的生物量加快了氮磷的活化速度,提高了活性磷的浓度,反而减低了沉积物有机磷的生物拦截效率。除乌江渡水库外,其它水库沉积物中以钙结合态磷为主(占无机磷的60%以上)。梯级水库修建后,泥沙含量大幅降低,可能是下游水库沉积物钙结合态磷浓度降低的主要因素。总体上,梯级水库的累积效应使得水库对生源要素的“活化”效率增强、“拦截”效应减弱,增大了富营养化发生的风险。 相似文献
953.
Human industrial activities have caused environmental uranium (U) pollution, resulting in uranium(VI) had radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity. Here, a cellulase-producing Penicillium fungus was screened and characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR), as well as by GC/MS metabolomics analysis, to study the response to uranium(VI) stress. The biomass of Penicillium decreased after exposure to 100 mg/L U. Uranium combined with carboxyl groups, amino groups, and phosphate groups to form uranium mineralized deposits on the surface of this fungal strain. The α-activity concentration of uranium in the strain was 2.57×106 Bq/kg, and the β-activity concentration was 2.27×105 Bq/kg. Metabolomics analysis identified 118 different metabolites, as well as metabolic disruption of organic acids and derivatives. Further analysis showed that uranium significantly affected the metabolism of 9 amino acids in Penicillium. These amino acids were related to the TCA cycle and ABC transporter. At the same time, uranium exhibited nucleotide metabolism toxicity to Penicillium. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the uranium tolerance mechanism of Penicillium and provides a theoretical basis for Penicillium to degrade hyper-enriched plants. 相似文献
954.
At present, the cyanide gold extraction process is still the main technology for gold production. Generated cyanide tailings containing highly toxic substances exhibit potential environmental risks. These tailings are in urgent need of purification treatment, especially after being classified as hazardous waste. In this study, the impacts of elution methods, operating time, tailings/water ratios, reagent types on the elution rates of cyanide were investigated. Furthermore, the composite elution ... 相似文献
955.
Dingyong Wang Yongguang Yin Shufang Zeng Xun Wang Wei Yuan Ji Luo Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):1-10
Understanding atmospheric mercury (Hg) accumulation in remote montane forests is critical to assess the Hg ecological risk to wildlife and human health. To quantify impacts of vegetation, climatic and topographic factors on Hg accumulation in montane forests, we assessed the Hg distribution and stoichiometric relations among Hg, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) in four forest types along the elevation of Mt. Gongga. Our results show that Hg concentration in plant tissues follows the descending order of litter > leaf, bark > root > branch > bole wood, indicating the importance of atmospheric Hg uptake by foliage for Hg accumulation in plants. The foliar Hg/C (from 237.0 ± 171.4 to 56.8 ± 27.7 µg/kg) and Hg/N (from 7.5 ± 3.9 to 2.5 ± 1.2 mg/kg) both decrease along the elevation. These elevation gradients are caused by the heterogeneity of vegetation uptake of atmospheric Hg and the variation of atmospheric Hg° concentrations at different altitudes. Organic soil Hg accumulation is controlled by forest types, topographic and climatic factors, with the highest concentration in the mixed forest (244.9 ± 55.7 µg/kg) and the lowest value in the alpine forest (151.9 ± 44.5 µg/kg). Further analysis suggests that soil Hg is positively correlated to C (r2 = 0.66) and N (r2 = 0.57), and Hg/C and Hg/N both increase with the soil depth. These stoichiometric relations highlight the combined effects from environmental and climatic factors which mediating legacy Hg accumulation and selective Hg absorption during processes of organic soil mineralization. 相似文献
956.
Qiang Zeng Pan-Pan Chen Pan Yang Chong Liu Yan-Ling Deng Qiong Luo Yu Miao Min Zhang Fei-Peng Cui Jia-Yue Zeng Tian Shi Ting-Ting Lu Da Chen Long-Qiang Wang Chun-Ping Liu Ming Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,120(10):30-40
Phenols have been shown to influence the cellular proliferation and function of thyroid in experimental models. However, few human studies have investigated the association between phenol exposure and thyroid cancer, and the underlying mechanisms are also poorly understood. We conducted a case-control study by age- and sex-matching 143 thyroid cancer and 224 controls to investigate the associations between phenol exposures and the risk of thyroid cancer, and further to explore the mediating role of oxidative stress. We found that elevated urinary triclosan (TCS), bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) levels were associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (all P for trends < 0.05), and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the extreme exposure groups were 3.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.08, 5.95), 2.06 (95% CI: 1.06, 3.97) and 7.15 (95% CI: 3.12, 16.40), respectively. Positive associations were also observed between urinary TCS, BPA and BPS and three oxidative stress biomarkers measured by 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), as well as between urinary 8-isoPGF2α and HNE-MA and the risk of thyroid cancer. Mediation analysis showed that urinary 8-isoPGF2α mediated 28.95%, 47.06% and 31.08% of the associations between TCS, BPA and BPS exposures and the risk of thyroid cancer, respectively (all P < 0.05). Our results suggest that exposure to TCS, BPA and BPS may be associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer and lipid peroxidation may be an intermediate mechanism. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings. 相似文献
957.
Hezhong Tian Lining Luo Xiaoxuan Bai Shuhan Liu Bobo Wu Wei Liu Yunqian Lv Zhihui Guo Shumin Lin Shuang Zhao Yan Hao Jiming Hao Kai Zhang Aihua Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(11):187-198
Particulate matter (i.e., PM1.0 and PM2.5), considered as the key atmospheric pollutants, exerts negative effects on visibility, global climate, and human health by associated chemical compositions. However, our understanding of PM and its chemical compositions in Beijing under the current atmospheric environment is still not complete after witnessing marked alleviation during 2013–2017. Continuous measurements can be crucial for further air quality improvement by better characterizing PM pollution and chemical compositions in Beijing. Here, we conducted simultaneous measurements on PM in Beijing during 2018–2019. Results indicate that annual mean PM1.0 and PM2.5 concentrations were 35.49 ± 18.61 µg/m3 and 66.58 ± 60.17 µg/m3, showing a positive response to emission controls. The contribution of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) played an enhanced role with elevated PM loading and acted as the main contributors to pollution episodes. Discrepancies observed among chemical species between PM1.0 and PM2.5 in spring suggest that sand particles trend to accumulate in the range of 1–2.5 µm. Pollution episodes occurred accompanied with southerly clusters and high formation of SNA by heterogeneous reactions in summer and winter, respectively. Results from positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with potential source contribution function (PSCF) models showed that potential areas were seasonal dependent, secondary and vehicular sources became much more important compared with previous studies in Beijing. Our study presented a continuous investigation on PM and sources origins in Beijing, which provides a better understanding for further emission control as well as a reference for other cities in developing countries. 相似文献
958.
The ability of calcium peroxide (CaO2) to immobilize As of contaminated soil was studied using pot and field experiments. In pot experiment, CaO2 applied at 2.5 and 5 g kg−1 significantly increased celery shoot weight and decreased shoot As accumulation, which was ascribed to the formation of stable crystalline Fe and Al oxides bound As and the reduction of labile As fractions in the soil. The labile As fractions were pH dependent and it followed a “V” shaped profile with the change of pH. In field experiment, the dose of CaO2 application at 750 kg ha−1 was optimal and at which the celery was found to produce the highest biomass (63.4 Mg ha−1) and lowest As concentration (0.43 mg kg−1). CaO2 probably has a promising potential as soil amendment to treat As contaminated soils. 相似文献
959.
Bioaccumulation and catabolism of prometryne in green algae 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Investigation on organic xenobiotics bioaccumulation/biodegradation in green algae is of great importance from environmental point of view because widespread distribution of these compounds in agricultural areas has become one of the major problems in aquatic ecosystem. Also, new technology needs to be developed for environmental detection and re-usage of the compounds as bioresources. Prometryne as a herbicide is widely used for killing annual grasses in China and other developing countries. However, overuse of the pesticide results in high risks to contamination to aquatic environments. In this study, we focused on analysis of bioaccumulation and degradation of prometryne in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga, along with its adaptive response to prometryne toxicity. C. reinhardtii treated with prometryne at 2.5-12.5 μg L(-1) for 4 d or 7.5 μg L(-1) for 1-6 d accumulated a large quantity of prometryne, with more than 2 mg kg(-1) fresh weight in cells exposed to 10 μg L(-1) prometryne. Moreover, it showed a great ability to degrade simultaneously the cell-accumulated prometryne. Such uptake and catabolism of prometryne led to the rapid removal of prometryne from media. Physiological and molecular analysis revealed that toxicology was associated with accumulation of prometryne in the cells. The biological processes of degradation can be interpreted as an internal tolerance mechanism. These results suggest that the green alga is useful in bioremediation of prometryne-contaminated aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
960.
Li Ke Fan Guangsen Tian Huafeng Yuan Li Yao Yuanyuan Xiang Aimin Luo Xiaogang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3263-3270
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - With the advantages of excellent processability and biodegradability, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) becomes an environmentally friendly and biocompatible... 相似文献