Effects of atmospheric mercury pollution on terrestrial ecosystem in Chongqing, China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｒｃｕｒｙ(Ｈｇ)ａｓａｇｌｏｂａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｈａｓｃａｕｓｅｄｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ 1980ｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｅｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｆｒｏｍｂｏｔｈａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ.Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｓｅｏｆＨｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｏｓｓｉｌｆｕｅｌｓ(Ｎｒｉ…     

超临界水处理有机废物研究新进展

超临界水处理废物以通过添加氧化剂的超临界水氧化和不加氧化剂的超临界水萃取两种方式实现，超临界水氧化应用较多，与其它废物处理技术相比有显著优点。本文总结了超临界水氧化流程和反应机理，评述了添加剂，温度，压力及停留时间，催化剂等对超临界水氧化反应的影响，同时介绍了超临界水氧化和超临界水萃取的最新应用研究状况及尚需解决问题。     

太湖水污染近期变动趋势及对策建议

太湖水污染是公众普遍关心的环境问题之一。根据近3年调查资料,对太湖水污染治理措施(工业污染源达标排放、城市污水处理厂的建设、畜禽和水产养殖污水的治理、河道清淤和引水工程、农业面源治理及禁用含磷洗涤剂等)、水质变动趋势及影响太湖水质变化的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为太湖水污染的进一步治理提供科学依据。     

上海市扬尘污染源遥感解译及其管理信息系统

利用遥感影像资料,分析了上海市扬尘污染源的空间分布特征与规律,并计算了上海市主要扬尘源的起尘量。利用获取的基础数据,建立了上海市扬尘污染源管理地理信息系统,为上海市扬尘污染源的控制管理提供了依据。     

On the study of ecosystem health:state of the art

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｕｒｉｎｇｌａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｔｈｅｔｅｒｍ“ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｈｅａｌｔｈ”ｉｓｕｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕ...     

Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental management and sustainability

The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences.The increasing interest in economic development,particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems.Sustainable development is not a new concept.It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time.Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not,until recently,been formalized.We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive.This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability.     

用片段常数法估算有机化合物在鱼体内的生物富集因子

根据337个有机化合物在鱼体内生物富集因子的实测数据建立了片段常数估算模型。涉及的有机物包括卤代苯、卤代联苯、氯代脂肪烃、多环芳烃、醇、醚、醛、酮、腈、苯酚、苯胺、硝基苯、呋喃、二误Yin、含氮氧硫的杂环混合和物、脲和有机磷农药等多种类别，logKow在0.39-8.60之间。模型可决系数0.982，标准差0.453，平均绝对误差0.322个对数单位。60种检验化合物的平均预测残差为0.320个对数单位。     

辛基酚的体内类雌激素活性评价

利用体内大鼠子宫增重试验检测辛基酚（OP）的类雌激素活性，并对其观测终点及影响因素进行了初步研究。结果显示，OP经大鼠体内染毒，可引起大鼠子宫湿重、子宫内皮细胞厚度、子宫腺数量明显增加，具有明显的类雌激素活性。三条染毒途径检测敏感度腹腔染毒＞经皮下染毒＞经灌胃染毒。     

The study for polyaromatic hydrocarbons decay on Chinese coal soot particles in atmosphere

A study for the photochemical behavior of some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example B(a )P, B( k )F and fluoranthene in coal smoke particles was performed by using indoor Teflon smog chamber.Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAH is first order reaction and kinetic rates of some PAH were obtained. It was shown that the reaction rate constant is proportional to light intensity and water vapor concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also have influence on PAH decay rate. A model for PAH loss has been set up on the basis of the results of our experiments and the simulating results of this model suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are of the order of a period of days in winter and a few hours in summer. Other factors which may have effect on the photochemical reaction of PAH have also been discussed.     

模拟医疗废物在管式电阻炉上的热解特性研究

在管式电阻炉上对由聚丙烯、面巾纸、纱布、医用脱脂棉、一次性口罩、医用乳胶手套等按一定比例组成的模拟医疗废物在氮气气氛进行了热解研究。重点探讨了10K／min，20K／min，30K／min和40K／min等不同升温速率对热解产物分布、产气特性和热解过程的影响。结果表明，随着温度升高，模拟废物的热解产生气体的主要成分逐渐由CO2和CO转变为C3H6、CH4、C2H6、C2H4和C3H8。同时，热解处理对模拟废物的减量化效果比较明显，固体残留率仅为5．61％～7．02％。而且，加热速率对模拟医疗废物热解过程的影响较大。