火灾定量预测方法研究

应用预测学原理，对火灾定量预测方法进行了探讨，建立了一套适应不同火灾历史统计特点的平滑预测模型：滑动平均预测模型和指数平滑预测模型；考虑火灾事故的季节性变化，建立了季节性平滑预测模型。应用二重指数平滑预测模型和季节性平滑预测模型，对荆州地区１９９３￣１９９４年的火灾统计资料进行分析和预测，结果表明该地区今后的火灾发生呈上升趋势，提请有关部门注意防火安全。     

论青少年环境教育

本文从环境教育是环境保护的根本性战略措施和环境教育应从青少年抓起的总体思路出发,根据教育规律和青少年特点,全面论述了青少年环境教育的目的、形式、原则、方法和评估,系统地提出了开展青少年环境教育的总体休构想。     

Fluoride and aluminium concentrations of tea plants and tea products from Sichuan Province,PR China

Some Tibetans in Sichuan Province in southwestern China have been suffering from fluorosis, due to drinking and eating tea with high fluoride (F) and aluminium (Al) contents. Tea plants, soils of tea plantations and tea products from Yaan, Gaoxian and Yibin Cities in Sichuan Province were investigated to evaluate the factors affecting F and Al contents in tea products. The F and Al concentrations of four commercial brands of brick teas were significantly higher than those of 11 brands of green teas. Chemical analysis indicated that total and available F and Al concentrations in tea plantation soils in Yaan and Gaoxian were within the normal range compared with acid soils in South China and tea soils in Fujian Province. Edaphic conditions did not contribute to the high F and Al concentrations in brick tea. Analysis of raw materials of brick tea indicated that old leaves were the major contributors to the high F and Al contents contained in brick tea. There were also great variations among different tea varieties in accumulating F and Al, and concentrations of F and Al in tea variety of Qianmei 303 were about 2-3-fold higher than the other three varieties. Selection of appropriate varieties would be important to lower F and Al contents in tea products.     

上海地区气溶胶特征及MODIS气溶胶产品在能见度中的应用

利用气象站点能见度的历史资料和美国国家宇航局的MODIS卫星遥感手段获取10 km×10 km分辨率的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)资料,建立二者的季节平均关系,得到了上海地区季节变化的气溶胶标高,并利用标高数据和AOD的季节分布,反演出上海地区季节变化的区域能见度分布,研究了近地层大气气溶胶与地面能见度的关系,分析了上海地区AOD的特征及能见度的时空分布特征.结果显示:上海地区冬春季平均能见度较差,外环线以内能见度在10 km以下;低能见度中心分布明显.     

污水土地处理磷迁移转化模拟模型与检验

以“污水土地处理条件下磷的迁移转化模拟试验”为基础，根据磷在土壤中的迁移转化机理，提出了定量模拟离在土壤中迁移转化的联合模型。联合模型包括水运动模型和溶质运动模型两部分，综合考虑离在土壤中迁移、转化和沉淀等过程。在传统的溶质运动模型基础上添加化学转化项形成了具有磷的反应特点的溶质运动模型。通过实测值与计算位的比较，验证了联合模型的合理性和可适用性。     

污灌水稻土有机氯农药残留分析的样品净化

研究了不同样品净化方法和方法组合在长年污灌的水稻土有机氯农药残留分析中的效果 .采取高纯铜粉净化、浓硫酸磺化、 1 0 %脱活氟罗里硅土层析等一系列净化步骤 .用该方法测定α BHC ,β BHC ,γ BHC ,δ BHC ,p,p DDE ,p,p DDD ,o,p DDT ,p,p DDT等 8种有机氯农药的回收率达 4 2 5 %— 84 8% ,检出限为 3 2 1× 1 0 - 6— 1 34× 1 0 - 5μg·ml- 1.且方法的重现性较好 .     

LAS对土壤中多环芳烃吸附行为的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)对PAHs在土壤中吸附行为的影响.结果表明,LAS改变了PAHs在土水体系中的吸附/解吸平衡,吸附态LAS可提高土壤对PAHs的吸附,而溶解态LAS则增加了PAHs的表观溶解度,这2种作用的综合结果改变了PAHs在土水体系中的吸附系数.因此,文中用表观吸附系数来描述PAHs在土壤-水-LAS体系中的综合吸附行为.     

中晚期垃圾渗滤液的处理研究

垃圾渗滤液的处理一直是近几年污水处理领域的热点和难点问题。采用“吹脱-SBR-混凝沉淀-氯化”处理工艺对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行实验研究，确定了各工艺的最佳运行参数，并对SBR的强化进行了新的探索。结果表明，该工艺可使垃圾渗滤液的COD值从1360mg／L下降到93．6mg／L，BOD，值从320mg／L降低到28mg／L，NH3-N的值从1098．6mg／L下降到16．1ms／L，出水色度接近无色，处理效果良好。     

Growth and metal accumulation in vetiver and two Sesbania species on lead/zinc mine tailings

The lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations 4164, 4377, 35 and 32 mg kg(-1), respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements (N, P, and K) and organic matter. A field trial was conducted to compare growth performance, metal accumulation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and two legume species (Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania sesban) grown on the tailings amended with domestic refuse and/or fertilizer. It was revealed that domestic refuse alone and the combination of domestic refuse and artificial fertilizer significantly improved the survival rates and growth of V. zizanioides and two Sesbania species, especially the combination. However, artificial fertilizer alone did not improve both the survival rate and growth performance of the plants grown on tailings. Roots of these species accumulated similar levels of heavy metals, but the shoots of two Sesbania species accumulated higher (3-4 folds) concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd than shoots of V. zizanioides. Most of the heavy metals in V. zizanioides were accumulated in roots, and the translocation of metals from roots to shoots was restricted. Intercropping of V. zizanioides and S. rostrata did not show any beneficial effect on individual plant species, in terms of height, biomass, survival rate, and metal accumulation, possibly due to the rather short experimental period of 5 months.     

新型竖流气浮反应器工作性能与应用研究

根据紊流气浮理论,开发了一种新型竖流气浮反应器,试验研究了它的工作性能以及实际应用效果.该反应器采用气液混合泵作为溶气设备,分离区内原水与溶气水逆向流动,采用水力方式排渣.试验结果表明,溶气效率随工作压力和吸气量的增大丽增大,但同时大气泡也会随之增多;试验条件下微气泡平均尺寸为50 μm左右,工作压力对释放的微气泡尺寸影响不大;分离区高度影响气泡-絮体共聚悬浮层的厚度和稳定性,进而影响处理效果.应用新型竖流气浮反应器处理实际的乳品废水和机械加工废水,COD去除率分别达到50%和75%以上,SS去除率超过85%.新型竖流气浮反应器作为小型污水处理设备,具有良好的可应用性.