PACT活性污泥中生物质量与粉末活性炭质量的计算和测定

本文根据活性污泥处理系统的物料平衡关系,提出PACT活性污泥中生物质量和粉末活性炭(PAC)质量的计算和测定方法.计算结果表明,曝气池混合液中PAC浓度随着PAC投加量和泥龄与水力停留时间的比值的提高而增加.通过实际测定活性污泥PAC在不同温度时的挥发量,得出三个联立方程式的基本系数,从而测得实际的PAC活性污泥试样中生物质量和PAC质量.     

松花江水系有机污染的现状

本文介绍了GC、GC/MS、HPLC方法在分析松花江水系有机污染物中的应用。GC/MS、HPLC所用水样在现场处理,而TLC、GC样品在实验室处理。冬夏两次取样,共检出152种有机化合物,其中主要有机污染物55种,PAH_3占19％,氯化物占14％,芳烃占13％,其它占54％。     

用溶解氧浓度作为SBR法过程和反应时间控制参数

进行了以DO作为SBR法过程和反应时间控制参数的试验研究。结果表明,无论使曝气量或初始污泥浓度大幅度变化,还是逐渐或突然改变初始有机物浓度等各种试验条件,都会在反应阶段开始不久出现所谓平衡DO浓度现象;当有机物达到其难降解浓度时DO浓度迅速地大幅度升高。因此,在目前还没有简易、快速的有机物浓度传感器的情况下,DO不仅可作为反应时间的指示性控制参数,而且也能可靠地作为反应阶段的过程控制参数。     

人工神经网络和专家系统在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对近年来国内外污水生物处理系统中人工神经网络和专家系统的应用进行了简要的回顾。分析了废水生物处理工艺难于控制的原因及人工神经网络和专家系统的结构和特点。结果表明．国外智能控制发展迅速,并且应用领域遍及污水生物处理的各个方面,国内尚处于起步阶段。简要探讨了废水生物处理智能控制今后应深入研究的问题及方向。     

交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮Ⅰ.方法实现与控制

采用实时控制策略和曝气 搅拌交替运行方式在 ( 2 6± 1 )℃下开发了一种新型短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺 :实时控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺 .并对其与实时控制传统SBR法短程硝化反硝化脱氮和预先设定时间控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺进行了比较研究 .结果显示 ,实时控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺无论从硝化速率、反硝化速率还是从硝化时间、反硝化时间上均优于实时控制传统SBR法短程硝化反硝化脱氮和预先设定时间控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化脱氮两种工艺 .其硝化速率和反硝化速率分别是预先设定时间控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化工艺的 1 3 8倍和 1 2 5倍 ,是实时控制传统SBR法短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺的 1 82倍和 1 6 1倍 .因此 ,实时控制交替好氧 缺氧短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺不但能够合理分配曝气和搅拌时间 ,而且还能提高硝化、反硝化速率 ,缩短反应时间 ,从而达到降低运行成本的目的     

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study in Shanghai,China

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate. ● The wide-scope target analysis offered a basis for comprehensive i-PPCP screening. ● Source-specificity and representativeness analysis helped to refine i-PPCPs. ● Erythromycin, gemfibrozil and albendazole were identified as i-PPCPs for leachate. Identifying potential sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is critical for the effective control of PPCP contamination. Landfill leachate is an important source of PPCPs in water; however, it has barely been involved in source apportionment due to the lack of indicator-PPCPs (i-PPCPs) in landfill leachates. This study provides the first systematic framework for identifying i-PPCPs for landfill leachates based on the wide-scope target monitoring of PPCPs. The number of target PPCPs increased from < 20 in previous studies to 68 in the present study. Fifty-nine PPCPs were detected, with median concentrations in leachate samples ranging from below the method quantification limit (MQL) to 41 μg/L, and 19 of them were rarely reported previously. A total of 29 target compounds were determined to be PPCPs of high concern by principal component analysis according to multiple criteria, including occurrence, exposure potential, and ecological effect. Coupled with source-specificity and representativeness analysis, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, and albendazole showed a significant difference in their occurrence in leachate compared to other potential sources (untreated and treated municipal wastewater and livestock wastewater) and correlated with total PPCP concentrations; these were recommended as i-PPCPs for leachates. Indicator screening procedure can be used to develop a sophisticated source apportionment method to identify sources of PPCPs from adjacent landfills.     

短程硝化的实现、维持与过程控制的研究现状

短程生物脱氮技术目前倍受人们的关注,国内外学者对短程硝化提出了多种实现及维持的控制途径,但仍存在着一些问题。由于活性污泥法中DO,ORP,pH的变化规律从不同角度不同程度地反映了生物脱氮反应的进程,所以用它们作为控制参数就可以对生物脱氮反应进行过程控制。在分析中,通过对国内外短程硝化控制途径的研究现状与发展趋势的分析和总结,针对目前在实现短程硝化及维持短程硝化各种途径中存在的问题,提出了通过在线检测DO,pH,ORP来实现与维持短程硝化的新思路。     

Production of N2O in two biologic nitrogen removal processes: a comparison between conventional and short-cut nitrogen removal processes

The N2O production in two nitrogen removal processes treating domestic wastewater was investigated in laboratory-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Results showed that N2O emission happened in the aerobic phase rather than in the anoxic phase. During the aerobic phase, the nitrogen conversion to N2O gas was 27.7% and 36.8% of NH＋-N loss for conventional biologic N-removal process and short-cut biologic N-removal process. The dissolved N2O was reduced to N2 in the anoxic denitrification phase. The N2O production rate increased with the increasing of nitrite concentration and ceased when NH＋-N oxidation was terminated. Higher nitrite accumulation resulted in higher NEO emission in the short-cut nitrogen removal process. Pulse-wise addition of 20 mg NO2 -N. L- 1 gave rise to 3-fold of N2O emission in the conventional N-removal process, while little change happened with 20 mg NOS-N L-1 was added to SBR1.     

亚硝酸盐氮胁迫对罗非鱼（GIFTOreoohromisniloticus）血清非特异性免疫酶活性的影响

试验设置了不同浓度亚硝酸盐氮（空白对照、0．75mg·L-1、1．50mg-L-1、3．00mg·L-1和5．00mg·L-1）,研究了亚硝酸盐氮胁迫对罗非鱼（GIFTOreochromisniloticus）血清非特异性免疫酶（溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶、补体c3）活性的影响。结果表明：罗非鱼血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、补体C3活性均呈现出随亚硝酸盐氮浓度升高而降低的趋势,且当亚硝酸盐氮浓度小于1．50mg·L-1时,罗非鱼血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、补体C3活性与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）,说明低于1．50mg·L-1的亚硝酸盐氮不会对罗非鱼机体免疫力产生显著影响;而高于3．00mg·L-1的亚硝酸盐氮胁迫能够显著（P〈O．05）降低罗非鱼血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、补体C3活性,最大下降率分别达到31．75％、27．40％、14．43％,从而显示出高浓度亚硝酸盐氮（〉3．00mg·L-1）能够对罗非鱼机体产生强烈的氧化胁迫和免疫损伤,导致机体免疫力下降,增加罗非鱼对致病菌的易感性。本研究认为,3．00mg·L-1可能是亚硝酸盐氮胁迫引起罗非鱼机体免疫力显著降低的阈值。     

UASB+生物接触氧化工艺处理饮料废水

介绍采用升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB反应器)+生物接触氧化工艺处理饮料废水的工艺设计和运行效果。运行结果表明:此工艺能有效处理饮料废水,COD、BOD5平均去除率分别达95.8%和98.1%,出水水质达DB 61/224—2006《陕西省渭河水系污染物排放标准》的一级排放标准。