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101.
Heavy metal removal from industrial effluents by sorption on cross-linked starch: chemical study and impact on water toxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sancey B Trunfio G Charles J Minary JF Gavoille S Badot PM Crini G 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):765-772
Batch sorption experiments using a starch-based sorbent were carried out for the removal of heavy metals present in industrial water discharges. The influence of contact time, mass of sorbent and pollutant load was investigated. Pollutant removal was dependent on the mass of sorbent and contact time, but independent of the contaminant load. The process was uniform, rapid and efficient. Sorption reached equilibrium in 60 min irrespective of the metal considered (e.g. Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe and Cd), reducing concentrations below those permitted by law. The material also removed residual turbidity and led to a significant decrease in the residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) present in the industrial water discharge. The germination success of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was used as a laboratory indicator of phytotoxicity. The results show that the sorption using a starch-based sorbent as non-conventional material, is a viable alternative for treating industrial wastewaters. 相似文献
102.
Jaffrezic A Jardé E Pourcher AM Gourmelon M Caprais MP Heddadj D Cottinet P Bilal M Derrien M Marti R Mieszkin S 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(3):959-968
Fecal contamination of water resources is evaluated by the enumeration of the fecal coliforms and Enterococci. However, the enumeration of these indicators does not allow us to differentiate between the sources of fecal contamination. Therefore, it is important to use alternative indicators of fecal contamination to identify livestock contamination in surface waters. The concentration of fecal indicators (, enteroccoci, and F-specific bacteriophages), microbiological markers (Rum-2-bac, Pig-2-bac, and ), and chemical fingerprints (sterols and stanols and other chemical compounds analyzed by 3D-fluorescence excitation-matrix spectroscopy) were determined in runoff waters generated by an artificial rainfall simulator. Three replicate plot experiments were conducted with swine slurry and cattle manure at agronomic nitrogen application rates. Low amounts of bacterial indicators (1.9-4.7%) are released in runoff water from swine-slurry-amended soils, whereas greater amounts (1.1-28.3%) of these indicators are released in runoff water from cattle-manure-amended soils. Microbial and chemical markers from animal manure were transferred to runoff water, allowing discrimination between swine and cattle fecal contamination in the environment via runoff after manure spreading. Host-specific bacterial and chemical markers were quantified for the first time in runoff waters samples after the experimental spreading of swine slurry or cattle manure. 相似文献
103.
Rocío JooAuthor Vitae Sophie BertrandAuthor Vitae Alexis ChaigneauAuthor Vitae Miguel ÑiquenAuthor Vitae 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(4):1048-1059
The spatial behavior of numerous fishing fleets is nowadays well documented thanks to satellite Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS). Vessel positions are recorded on a frequent and regular basis which opens promising perspectives for improving fishing effort estimation and management. However, no specific information is provided on whether the vessel is fishing or not. To answer that question, existing works on VMS data usually apply simple criteria (e.g. threshold on speed). Those simple criteria generally focus in detecting true positives (a true fishing set detected as a fishing set); conversely, estimation errors are given no attention. For our case study, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, those criteria overestimate the total number of fishing sets by 182%. To overcome this problem an artificial neural network (ANN) approach is presented here. In order to set both the optimal parameterization and use “rules” for this ANN, we perform an extensive sensitivity analysis on the optimization of (1) the internal structure and training algorithm of the ANN and (2) the “rules” used for choosing both the relative size and the composition of the databases (DBs) used for training and inferring with the ANN. The “optimized” ANN greatly improves the estimates of the number and location of fishing events. For our case study, ANN reduces the total estimation error on the number of fishing sets to 1% (in average) and obtains 76% of true positives. This spatially explicit information on effort, provided with error estimation, should greatly reduce misleading interpretations of catch per unit effort and thus significantly improve the adaptive management of fisheries. While fitted on Peruvian anchovy fishery data, this type of neural network approach has wider potential and could be implemented in any fishery relying on both VMS and at-sea observer data. In order to increase the accuracy of the ANN results, we also suggest some criteria for improving sampling design by at-sea observers and VMS data. 相似文献
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106.
Greige-Gerges Hélène Gerges Petra Lichtfouse Jeanne Lichtfouse Eric Fourmentin Sophie 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):627-632
Environmental Chemistry Letters - 相似文献
107.
108.
Sophie?E.?F.?EvisonEmail author Katie?A.?Webster William?O.?H.?Hughes 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):711-720
Animals frequently have to decide between alternative resources and in social insects these individual choices produce a colony-level
decision. The choice of nest site is a particularly critical decision for a social insect colony to make, but the decision
making process has still only been studied in a few species. In this study, we investigated nest selection by the Pharaoh’s
ant, Monomorium pharaonis, a species renowned for its propensity to migrate and its use of multi-component trail pheromones to organise decision-making
in other contexts. When presented with the choice of familiar and novel nests of equal quality in a Y set-up, colonies preferentially
migrated towards the familiar nest, suggesting a form of colony-level ‘memory’ of potential nest sites. However, if the novel
nest was superior to the familiar nest, then colonies began migrating initially to the familiar nest, but then redirected
their migration to the superior quality novel nest. This may be an effective method of reducing colony exposure while searching
for an optimum nest site. Branches that had previously led to a selected nest were attractive to ants in subsequent migrations,
suggesting that trail pheromones mediate the decision making process. The adaptive, pheromone-based organisation of nest-site
selection by Pharaoh’s ants matches their ephemeral environment and is likely to contribute to their success as a 'tramp'
species. 相似文献
109.
Miriana?Kfoury Mireille?Borgie Anthony?Verdin Frédéric?Ledoux Dominique?Courcot Lizette?Auezova Sophie?FourmentinEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(3):345-351
Outdoor air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM) were recently classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The exposure to airborne particulate matter also contributes to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which are major public health concerns. Up to now, no work has evaluated the ability of essential oils as an alternative medicine to relieve the adverse health effects caused by airborne particulate matter. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of four essential oil components, trans-anethole, estragole, eugenol and isoeugenol, on the reduction in inflammation induced by particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Anethole is a flavor component of anise and fennel, estragole is occurring in basil, eugenol occurs in clove bud oil and isoeugenol occurs in ylang-ylang. Essential oil components were tested either as free or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated forms. Control experiments showed that particulate matter (PM2.5) induced inflammation by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Our results show that the addition of either free or encapsulated essential oil components to particulate matter exposed cells decreased up to 96 % the cytokine IL-6 level, and by up to 87 % the cytokine IL-8 level. Overall our findings evidence for the first time that natural essential oil components counteract the inflammatory effects of particulate matter and that encapsulation in cyclodextrins preserved their properties. 相似文献
110.
Anne-Mathilde Thierry Sophie Brajon Marion Spée Thierry Raclot 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(5):721-732
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) are important mediators of physiological and behavioral responses to stress. While many studies have evaluated the environmental, behavioral, or physiological correlates of GCs and their effects on reproductive performances, further work is needed to clarify the relationship between GCs and fitness. Assessing the effects of increased GC levels on specific behaviors of breeding animals should improve our understanding of how GCs affect parental care. In this experimental study, we measured the effects of an experimental increase in corticosterone (CORT, the main avian GC) levels on the behavior of free-living male Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) within the colony, their reproductive output, and the indirect consequences of both on the behavior of their partners. We show that increased CORT levels in males decreased their foraging time at sea while increased their attendance at the nest, although their attentiveness toward the nest itself decreased. In addition, treated males spent more time on comfort behaviors (e.g., preening), vocalizing, and engaging in positive social interactions relative to controls. Treatment further affected the behavior of their partners, but not chick begging and feeding rates. Penguins with increased CORT levels also exhibited decreased reproductive output. Previous studies of Adélie penguins in different life history stages and environmental conditions suggest that the consequences of CORT treatment on reproductive performance are context-dependent. In addition to the potential delay in the effects of increased CORT levels on reproduction, this context dependence should be taken into account when studying the behavior of free-living animals in relation to stress-inducing situations. 相似文献