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61.
Prioritizing islands for the eradication of invasive vertebrates in the United Kingdom overseas territories 下载免费PDF全文
Jeffrey Dawson Steffen Oppel Richard J. Cuthbert Nick Holmes Jeremy P. Bird Stuart H. M. Butchart Dena R. Spatz Bernie Tershy 《Conservation biology》2015,29(1):143-153
Invasive alien species are one of the primary threats to native biodiversity on islands worldwide. Consequently, eradicating invasive species from islands has become a mainstream conservation practice. Deciding which islands have the highest priority for eradication is of strategic importance to allocate limited resources to achieve maximum conservation benefit. Previous island prioritizations focused either on a narrow set of native species or on a small geographic area. We devised a prioritization approach that incorporates all threatened native terrestrial vertebrates and all invasive terrestrial vertebrates occurring on 11 U.K. overseas territories, which comprise over 2000 islands ranging from the sub‐Antarctic to the tropics. Our approach includes eradication feasibility and distinguishes between the potential and realistic conservation value of an eradication, which reflects the benefit that would accrue following eradication of either all invasive species or only those species for which eradication techniques currently exist. We identified the top 25 priority islands for invasive species eradication that together would benefit extant populations of 155 native species including 45 globally threatened species. The 5 most valuable islands included the 2 World Heritage islands Gough (South Atlantic) and Henderson (South Pacific) that feature unique seabird colonies, and Anegada, Little Cayman, and Guana Island in the Caribbean that feature a unique reptile fauna. This prioritization can be rapidly repeated if new information or techniques become available, and the approach could be replicated elsewhere in the world. Priorización de Islas para la Erradicación de Vertebrados Invasores en los Territorios Exteriores del Reino Unido 相似文献
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Foraging desert ants navigate primarily by path integration. They continually update homing direction and distance by employing
a celestial compass and an odometer. Here we address the question of whether information about travel distance is correctly
used in the absence of directional information. By using linear channels that were partly covered to exclude celestial compass
cues, we were able to test the distance component of the path-integration process while suppressing the directional information.
Our results suggest that the path integrator cannot process the distance information accumulated by the odometer while ants
are deprived of celestial compass information. Hence, during path integration directional cues are a prerequisite for the
proper use of travel-distance information by ants. 相似文献
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We thank H. Thiel for technical help and Nicolet Instruments Company, especially M. Mosimann, Zürich, for the loan of a Nicolet Compact Four. 相似文献
68.
Hill M Stabile C Steffen LK Hill A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,117(2):295-300
Endocrine disrupters are of substantial concern, in large part because effects of these compounds on the growth and development of many aquatic organisms are unknown. We examined toxic effects of three substances (ethylbenzene, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A), that are known to be hormonally active in many animals, on growth and development of two species of freshwater sponge. A common developmental abnormality was observed when sponges were treated with each of these compounds. The three compounds also caused significant reductions in growth rates. Lower concentrations resulted in malformed water vascular systems in several replicates. The utility of freshwater sponge bioassays is discussed as it relates to understanding possible mechanisms of action of endocrine disrupters on aquatic invertebrates. 相似文献
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Walter Pribil Peter Gehringer Helmut Eschweiler Alexander Cabaj Thomas Haider Regina Sommer 《Water environment research》2007,79(7):720-724
Gamma and electron-beam irradiation of Bacillus subtilis spores suspended in different types of water was studied to evaluate the inactivation of the spores and assess their possible use as a bioindicator for radiation processing. We found that the inactivation proceeded endogenously, being dose-rate-dependent and affected by oxygen. The radiation resistance of the suspended spores was found to be rather high; therefore, B. subtilis spores used as a bioindicator for efficiency of water treatment by radiation under practical conditions might result in the spores being overly conservative surrogates for pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the doserate dependency impedes the use of the spores as a bioindicator. Thus, B. subtilis spores cannot be recommended as a bioindicator for evaluation of the microbicidal efficacy of ionizing radiation processing of water. 相似文献
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Dieter Sch?fer Steffen Seibel und Regina Hoffmann-Kroll 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2000,12(5):286-290
Zusammenfassung Die Qualit?t von Raumgliederungen kann letztlich nur vor dem Hintergrund des jeweiligen Verwendungskontextes beurteilt werden.
Im Bereich der Umweltbeobachtung kommt Raumgliederungen neben ihrer Nutzung zu Analysezwecken inbesondere im Hinblick auf
Auswahlverfahren von Untersuchungsfl?chen gro?e Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag erl?utert den Zusammenhang von Raumgliederung, Auswahlverfahren
und Repr?sentativit?t am Beispiel der ?kologischen Fl?chenstichprobe (?FS) und stellt die Gliederung vor, die im Rahmen einer
?FS-Pilotstudie getestet wurde.
Online-First: 19. Mai 2000 相似文献