全文获取类型
收费全文 | 284篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 8篇 |
废物处理 | 12篇 |
环保管理 | 30篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
基础理论 | 55篇 |
污染及防治 | 98篇 |
评价与监测 | 44篇 |
社会与环境 | 17篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有294条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
101.
Matthew D. Shawkey Branislav Igic Svana Rogalla Jonathan Goldenberg Susana Clusella-Trullas Liliana D’Alba 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(9-10):78
The visible spectrum represents a fraction of the sun’s radiation, a large portion of which is within the near infrared (NIR). However, wavelengths outside of the visible spectrum that are reflected by coloured tissues have rarely been considered, despite their potential significance to thermal effects. Here, we report the reflectivity from 300 to 2100 nm of differently coloured feathers. We measured reflectivity across the UV-Vis-NIR spectra of different (a) body parts, (b) colour-producing mechanisms and (c) sexes for 252 individuals of 68 sunbird (family: Nectariniidae) species. Breast plumage was the most reflective and cap plumage the least. Female plumage had greater reflectivity than males. Carotenoid-based colours had the greatest reflectivity, followed by non-iridescent and iridescent melanin-based colours. As ordered arrays of melanin-filled organelles (melanosomes) produce iridescent colours, this suggests that nanostructuring may affect reflectance across the spectrum. Our results indicate that differently coloured feathers consistently vary in their thermal, as well as obvious visual, properties. 相似文献
102.
Joshua M. Allen Amy A. Cuthbertson Hannah K. Liberatore Susana Y. Kimur Anurag Manth Marc A. Edwards Susan D. Richardson 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):271-284
Lead contamination in the City of Flint, MI has been well documented over the past two years, with lead levels above the EPA Action Level until summer 2016. This resulted from an ill-fated decision to switch from Detroit water (Lake Huron) with corrosion control, to Flint River water without corrosion control. Although lead levels are now closer to normal, reports of skin rashes have sparked questions surrounding tap water in some Flint homes. This study investigated the presence of contaminants, including disinfection by-products (DBPs), in the hot tap water used for showering in the homes of residents in Flint. Extensive quantitative analysis of 61 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs was conducted in Flint hot and cold tap water, along with the analysis of 50 volatile organic compounds and a nontarget comprehensive, broadscreen analysis, to identify a possible source for the reported skin rashes. For comparison, chlorinated hot and cold waters from three other cities were also sampled, including Detroit, which also uses Lake Huron as its source water. Results showed that hot water samples generally contained elevated levels of regulated and priority unregulated DBPs compared to cold water samples, but trihalomethanes were still within regulatory limits. Overall, hot shower water from Flint was similar to waters sampled from the three other cities and did not have unusually high levels of DBPs or other organic chemicals that could be responsible for the skin rashes observed by residents. It is possible that an inorganic chemical or microbial contaminant may be responsible. 相似文献
103.
Integrated solutions are needed for sustainable management of risks posed by recreational boats to coastal water quality and ecosystems. Fouling organisms roughen vessel hull surfaces, creating friction that slows sailboats and increases fuel consumption by powerboats. Hull fouling control strategies for recreational boats that are stored in the water may include antifouling hull paints, newer alternative hull coatings, periodic in-water hull cleaning, and excluding propagules by surrounding the boat with a slip liner or raising it above water on a lift. Copper discharged to harbor waters from antifouling paints via passive leaching and in-water hull cleaning may elevate dissolved copper levels above government standards. Invasive species carried among boat-hull fouling organisms may be introduced as boats move among coastal areas. Some of these species tolerate copper in antifouling paints and copper-polluted harbor waters. Policy development must consider supply-side capacity, as well as economic and environmental sustainability, in managing these issues. This paper presents a supply-side evaluation useful in developing policies to co-manage water quality and invasive species risks for recreational boats navigating along the coasts of California, the Baja California peninsula and California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Supply-side perspectives on services, materials, costs, and boat owner behaviors, such as residence and travel patterns, awareness of hull-coating choices and selection of hull coatings, are determined. Analyses include evaluation of risks, risk management capacity and costs, and role of education in risk management. The issues raised are broadly applicable, as they are appearing on research and policy agendas in diverse coastal areas. 相似文献
104.
In this paper we compute the genuine savings indicators for the Republic of Ireland over the period 1995-2005. We expand and improve existing World Bank's estimates by: a) using data collected from official Irish sources; b) employing the net present value method to assess resource depreciation; c) including external costs from SO(2) and NOx emissions; and d) estimating human capital accumulation using the returns to education. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to check the robustness of our estimates to different assumptions and parameters. Our estimates are consistently smaller than the World Bank's and negative in the first years of the period considered. 相似文献
105.
There is a consensus that Marine Protected Area (MPA) performance needs regular evaluation against clear criteria, incorporating
counterfactual comparisons of ecological and socio-economic performance. However, these evaluations are scarce at the global
level. We compiled self-reports from managers and researchers of 78 coral reef-based MPAs world-wide, on the conservation
and welfare improvements that their MPAs provide. We developed a suite of performance measures including fulfilment of design
and management criteria, achievement of aims, the cessation of banned or destructive activities, change in threats, and measurable
ecological and socio-economic changes in outcomes, which we evaluated with respect to the MPA’s age, geographical location
and main aims. The sample was found to be broadly representative of MPAs generally, and suggests that many MPAs do not achieve
certain fundamental aims including improvements in coral cover over time (in 25% of MPAs), and conflict reduction (in 25%).
However, the large majority demonstrated improvements in terms of slowing coral loss, reducing destructive uses and increasing
tourism and local employment, despite many being small, underfunded and facing multiple large scale threats beyond the control
of managers. However spatial comparisons suggest that in some regions MPAs are simply mirroring outside changes, with demonstrates
the importance of testing for additionality. MPA benefits do not appear to increase linearly over time. In combination with
other management efforts and regulations, especially those relating to large scale threat reduction and targeted fisheries
and conflict resolution instruments, MPAs are an important tool to achieve coral reef conservation globally. Given greater
resources and changes which incorporate best available science, such as larger MPAs and no-take areas, networks and reduced
user pressure, it is likely that performance could further be enhanced. Performance evaluation should test for the generation
of additional ecological and socio-economic improvements over time and compared to unmanaged areas as part of an adaptive
management regime. 相似文献
106.
Ruth Fernández Susana García-Tiscar M. Begoña Santos Alfredo López Jose A. Martínez-Cedeira Jason Newton Graham J. Pierce 《Marine Biology》2011,158(5):1043-1055
Skin and muscle from 43 bottlenose dolphins (38 juveniles/adults, 5 calves) stranded in NW Spain were analysed to determine
whether stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) could be used to assess dietary variation, habitat segregation and population substructure. Results were compared with
published stomach contents data. Stable isotope ratios from 17 known prey species were also determined. Isotope ratios of
the main prey (blue whiting, hake) varied significantly in relation to fish body size. Dolphin calves showed significant heavy
isotope enrichments compared to adult females. Excluding calves, δ15N decreased with increasing dolphin body size, probably related to an ontogenetic shift in diet towards species at lower trophic
levels, e.g. on blue whiting as suggested by stomach content results. Bottlenose dolphins were divided into two putative populations
(North, South) based on previous genetic studies, and values of δ13C and δ15N differed significantly between these two groups, confirming the existence of population structuring. 相似文献
107.
Susana Torno Javier Toraño Mario Menendez Malcolm Gent Cristina Allende 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(1):99-112
Landfill sites have been the most common way of eliminating solid urban waste, as well as that of public and mining wastes.
Landfill sites are a constant source of environmental pollution and wind is the most important contributing factor to air
pollution, due to the erosion which it produces over the landfill site surfaces, transporting dust away from the source point.
This causes serious risks for human health and general dirt in the surrounding areas of the landfill site. The result of dust
air pollution produced in a landfill site is analysed through CFD3D (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by joining the LIDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) technique and Ansys CFX 10.0 software. The CFD simulations determine the wind velocity distribution
on the landfill site surface and the different particle threshold friction velocities which determine the dust emission in
multiphase simulations (air-particles). These simulations are validated from field data obtained in three measurement programmes
for each type of landfill site surface treatment which has been studied. It was determined that the superficial landfill site
treatment with the lowest air pollution is tall grass and bushes. The methodology used can be applied to the dust emission
calculation in the design or evaluation of other landfill sites. 相似文献
108.
A trickling filter/solid contact (TF/SC) biological secondary treatment plant with chlorine disinfection serving a suburban population of 740,000 was assessed for environmental estrogens. Weekly grab samples were taken at established sampling points and analyzed for various pertinent environmental estrogens including industrial chemicals, and natural and synthetic steroidal estrogens. Additionally, human estrogen receptor (hER) activity and capacity to elicit intersex/sex reversal for the wastewater was monitored using a recombinant yeast assay and whole fish exposures, respectively. hER activity levels varied from 76 to 106 ng/L E2 equivalents in the primary effluent, and were reduced by 25% by biological treatment. For the primary and final effluent no evidence of sex reversal or intersex was apparent in any of the treatment groups (1%, 3%, 10%, or 100%) based on genetic sex determinations and histological examination of the gonads in alevin from 28 d exposed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs. 相似文献
109.
This paper examines local government and non‐governmental organisation (NGO) engagement in disaster response in the wake of the M/T Solar 1 oil spill in Guimaras, Western Visayas, Philippines, on 11 August 2006. It assesses the response activities of these two entities as well as the institutional factors that affected their interaction on the ground. Local government and NGO engagement was shaped by multi‐layered, overlapping, and oftentimes contending government‐designed response frameworks. Within these frameworks, government actors played the role of primary implementer and provider of relief, allowing them to determine who could be involved and the extent of their involvement. The absence of formal roles for NGOs in these frameworks not only undermines their ability to work in a setting where such institutional set‐ups are operational but also it reaffirms their ‘outsider’ status. This study of the Guimaras oil spill illustrates the complexity and the institutional difficulties inherent in disaster response and coordination in the Philippines. 相似文献
110.
PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs have been analysed in soil samples where waste electrical equipment has been burned directly on the ground in three locations of Burgos (Spain). High levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs were detected in the centre of combustion sites. The results show PCB levels between 0.824 and 1.240 μg/g, and PCDDs and PCDFs levels between 8.73–36.37 ng/g and 12.79–50.95 ng/g. The I‐TEF values between 2.96–9.15 for dioxins and furans indicate that these soils are heavily polluted and may represent a risk for human and animal health. 相似文献