Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

Large-scale gold production(LSGP) is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury(Hg) emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile(gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg) for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been overestimated.Hg emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources(e.g., cement plants). Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.     

广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架研究

生活垃圾焚烧设施的建立是解决城市生活垃圾逐年增多的有效方式之一,但其所引发的环境与健康问题成为公众关注的热点。基于广东省对生活垃圾焚烧设施的研究,以环境管理为目标,结合国内外在该领域的研究现状,提出广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架。通过该构架的多年实践,总结了广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估研究所取得的成效,有望将该成果推而广之,从而使该行业实现绿色生态的蓬勃发展。     

大型电力企业污染治理型营销策略研究

大型电力企业是国家发展电力需要重要扶持的企业。在大型电力企业电源结构中,火力发电占据重要地位,消耗煤炭的同时,会产生固体污染和废气污染,影响生态环境。为此,在提高大型电力企业完成电能输出的同时,需实现对环境的保护,提出对大型电力企业污染治理型营销策略进行研究。通过分析大型电力企业发展的生态环境、经济环境和行业发展环境,总结大型电力企业营销外部环境现状。考虑火力发电在电源结构中的地位以及对环境造成的污染,提出设计火力发电以外的电源结构,实现大型发电企业污染治理型营销策略提出与研究。     

吉林省秸秆打包减排及综合利用分析研究

为量化秸秆打包政策对防控大气污染的影响,基于吉林省2016年秸秆产量、秸秆打包地亩数、卫星火点数据以及大气污染物浓度的变化,对吉林省秸秆打包产生的大气环境及社会经济效益进行了分析,结果表明:1)吉林省打包秸秆量为220.36×10~4t,约占秸秆年产量的5.5%,假如全部加工成生物质颗粒燃料,2016年至少减少14.54×10~4t污染物排放;2)吉林省秸秆打包政策执行以来,秸秆露天燃烧量及秸秆燃烧主要月份的卫星火点数显著下降;3)随着露天燃烧量的减少,区域大气颗粒物浓度降低,空气质量改善。秸秆燃烧主要月份的PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度从2014年的104.5μg·m~(-3)、164μg·m~(-3)分别下降到2016年的48.5μg·m~(-3)、69·μg·m~(-3)。研究结果可为吉林省有效减少污染物排放、综合利用农作物秸秆、改善大气环境质量等提供科技支撑。     

发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究

发光细菌生物毒对水生生态环境有极大的破坏作用,为保护水体环境,提出发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究。完成测试样品调制;设置菌悬液特征参数,利用pH、RLU及D600进行同步检测,完成发光细菌生物毒性重现;分析磺胺类药品于根际土壤的形态分布和生态毒性,完成发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究。实验证明,三种磺胺类药品对发光细菌生物毒性的相对抑制率都小于30%,为低毒性;其中有机溶剂对发光细菌生物毒性的抑制率最大,水溶态较大,结合态最小。     

环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工质量监督策略研究

环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工的材料、设备、工艺复杂,需要进行建筑施工优化管理和质量监督,从而确保施工进度和工程质量,对环保型民用建筑墙体节能工程施工实施全过程质量控制,加强墙体施工的质量监督和管理。对建筑项目做好工程施工质量的风险预估,结合材料和设备、环境等方面的影响因素进行工程质量技术指导和风险控制。在施工过程中进行质量监督的动态过程控制,按照标准和规范,进行环保型节能建筑墙体施工质量的量化管理,使得建筑施工质量符合规范标准要求。     

Air Pollution in Singapore: Its Multielemental Aspect as Measured by Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Aerosol samples were collected in 1994 in Singapore on two occasions: once in June during the normal meteorological conditions and later in October during a long haze period caused by the heavy forest fire in Indonesia. Filtration and impaction collection methods were used simultaneously so that detailed elemental analysis of bulk as well as of different size fractions could be performed. Accelerator based nuclear analytical techniques such as Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and Nuclear Microscopy (NM) were used for analysis. These techniques are fast, truly multielemental and perfectly suited for routine analysis of a large number of aerosol samples. Typically all samples were analysed for the following 24 elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb. Detection limits for bulk analysis were generally below ng/m3 and for single particle analysis absolute detectable mass was approximately 10-17 g. Additionally, trace elements such as Cd, Sn, Sb and Ba whose characteristic X-ray lines were normally "obscured" by the lines of other more abundant elements, were detected when analysing by nuclear microscope in single particle mode.Judging by the average concentrations of lead and sulphur which are good indicators of industrial component of air pollution the situation in Singapore is satisfactory. Pb was typically found in concentrations of 5 to 50 ng/m3 and sulphur in concentrations of 1 to 2 µg/m3. These concentrations are well below limits set by the World Health Organisation (1500 ng/m3 and 40 µg/m3, respectively). On the other hand during the haze period the average concentrations of elements like S, K, Ti, V, Mn, Ni, As and Pb were found to be 3 to 6 times higher than usual. Results are presented and discussed.     

Microbiological characteristics in a zero-valent iron reactive barrier

Zero-valent iron (Fe⁰)-based permeable reactive barriertreatment has been generating great interest for passivegroundwater remediation, yet few studies have paid particularattention to the microbial activity and characteristics withinand in the vicinity of the Fe⁰-barrier matrix. The presentstudy was undertaken to evaluate the microbial population andcommunity composition in the reducing zone of influence byFe⁰ corrosion in the barrier at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plantsite. Both phospholipid fatty acids and DNA analyses were usedto determine the total microbial population and microbialfunctional groups, including sulfate-reducing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria, and methanogens, in groundwater andsoil/iron core samples. A diverse microbial community wasidentified in the strongly reducing Fe⁰ environment despitea relatively high pH condition within the Fe⁰ barrier (up topH 10). In comparison with those found in the backgroundsoil/groundwater samples, the enhanced microbial populationranged from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude and appeared to increase from upgradient of the barrier to downgradient soil. Inaddition, microbial community composition appeared to change overtime, and the bacterial types of microorganismsincreased consistently as the barrier aged. DNA analysisindicated the presence of sulfate-reducing and denitrifyingbacteria in the barrier and its surrounding soil. However, theactivity of methanogens was found to be relatively low,presumably as a result of the competition by sulfate/metal-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria because of the unlimited availability of sulfate and nitrate in the site groundwater. Results of this study provide evidenceof a diverse microbial population within and in the vicinity ofthe iron barrier, although the important roles of microbial activity, either beneficially or detrimentally, on the longevityand enduring efficiency of the Fe⁰ barriers are yet to be evaluated.     

用密切值法评价沙湾荒漠区生态环境质量

利用多目标决策中的密切值法进行沙湾荒漠区生态环境综合评价。该方法简便、适用、且分辨率较高，对各监测点群的定量描述符合实际状况。     

对修改《征收排污费暂行办法》的一些建议

分析了《征收排污费暂行办法》在新形势下存在的问题，并从排污费的征收，管理和使用等方面提出了修改建议。