Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Overweight/obesity modified the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure on blood pressure (BP). This study aims to assess whether...     

Identifying influencing factors on paved roads silt loading

The factors that influence the increase or decrease of silt loadings on paved roadways have not been fully quantitatively investigated. They were identified in this study based on the quarterly silt loading sampling data collected from 20 sites by the Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management in Southern Nevada for the period from 2000 to 2003. The silt loading and associated data collected over these years at one sampling site may inherently possess site-specific characteristics that can be better incorporated by using panel data models. The factors that are identified as significant are the presence of curbs and gutters, shoulder type, pavement conditions, and the presence of construction activities in the vicinity of roadways. The presence of curbs and gutters, stabilized shoulders, and good pavement conditions would result in decreased silt loadings. Conversely, the presence of construction activities within the immediate vicinity of sampled areas would result in increases of silt loadings on the roadway surfaces. Based on the analysis of the results, it was recommended that constructing curbs, gutters and stabilized shoulders, preventing or reducing construction track-out from construction activity, and improving pavement conditions be the preferred control measures to reduce silt loading on paved roadways.     

高度分散TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫及与悬浮TiO2催化活性的比较

采用输出功率为50 W,频率为40 kHz的超声波作为激发源激发TiO2,比较了分散和悬浮2种不同形态TiO2存在时超声降解乙基紫的情况.结果表明,在高度分散TiO2存在的条件下,超声降解乙基紫的效果要远远好于悬浮TiO2,超声照射40 min降解率达到78.45%,而在悬浮TiO2存在下降解率只有27.12%,在单纯超声波作用下同样时间内降解率只有10%.另外还研究了不同因素包括:反应时间、初始浓度、催化剂加入量、超声功率和温度等对TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫反应的影响,讨论了TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫可能的反应机理.     

泡沫分离—厌氧—好氧工艺处理表面活性剂废水

采用泡沫分离－厌氧－好氧工艺对高浓度的表面活性剂废水进行了研究。试验和工程运行结果表明，该废水经泡沫分离后浓缩液进入UASB厌氧反应器，可大大减小反应器的体积，厌氧出水再经过水解、接触氧化工艺处理，CODCr总去除率可达88.4%，各项指标均达到排放标准。     

水葫芦气囊预处理黄姜皂素废水的研究

研究利用水葫芦的气囊对皂素生产废水进行预处理的效果,通过对比试验,结果表明：干燥的水葫芦气囊在吸附处理综合皂素废水后COD降低率为20%.经水葫芦预处理吸附后皂素废水可生化性提高,厌氧反应产气速率提高1.5倍左右.经过吸附处理后的水葫芦自身的产气效率也有所提高.     

无锡新区生态工业链网设计探讨

生态工业园区是按照工业生态学原理，通过模拟自然生态系统，建立工业系统中“生产者-消费者-分解者”的循环途径，实现物质闭路循环和能量多级利用。文中介绍了生态工业园区的概念、分类和中国工业生态园区的建设进展。结合无锡新区生态工业园区的建设现状，提出新区的生态工业链网设计思路，通过园区成员企业之间的协同管理，以取得资源、环境与经济、社会效益的增长最大化。     

用荧光光谱研究腐殖酸与金属离子Al^3＋的配合作用

用同步荧光法对两种来源不同的腐殖酸与金属离子Ａｌ＾３＋的配合作用进行了研究,采用非线性回归分析,用荧光强度变化数据,拟合出金属配合物（１：１）的条件稳定常数Ｋ,在配合滴定进行的同时,探讨了溶液在５００ｎｍ处的瑞利散射现象。     

The value of small size: loss of forest patches and ecological thresholds in southern Madagascar.

Many services generated by forest ecosystems provide essential support for human well-being. However, the vulnerability of these services to environmental change such as forest fragmentation are still poorly understood. We present spatial modeling of the generation of ecosystem services in a human-dominated landscape where forest habitat patches, protected by local taboos, are located in a matrix of cultivated land in southern Madagascar. Two ecosystem services dependent on the forest habitats were addressed: (1) crop pollination services by wild and semidomesticated bees (Apoidea), essential for local crop production of, for example, beans, and (2) seed dispersal services based on the presence of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). We studied the vulnerability of these ecosystem services to a plausible scenario of successive destruction of the smallest habitat patches. Our results indicate that, in spite of the fragmented nature of the landscape, the fraction of the landscape presently covered by both crop pollination and seed dispersal services is surprisingly high. It seems that the taboo system, though indirectly and unintentionally, contributes to upholding the generation of these services by protecting the forest patches. Both services are, however, predicted to be very vulnerable to the successive removal of small patches. For crop pollination, the rate of decrease in cover was significant even when only the smallest habitat patches were removed. The capacity for seed dispersal across the landscape displayed several thresholds with habitat patch removal. Our results suggest that, in order to maintain capacity for seed dispersal across the landscape and crop pollination cover in southern Androy, the geographical location of the remaining forest patches is more crucial than their size. We argue that in heavily fragmented production landscapes, small forest patches should increasingly be viewed as essential for maintaining ecosystem services, such as agricultural production, and also should be considered in the ongoing process of tripling the area of protected habitats in Madagascar.     

桂西北喀斯特地区6种退耕还林(草)模式的效应

针对桂西北喀斯特地区森林生态系统退化造成的水土流失加剧以及石漠化严重的现状,筛选适合该地区植被快速恢复的5种人工造林(草)方式和自然抛荒恢复模式,分析评价各种模式的生态效应。结果表明,随着经营年限的增加, 6种退耕还林(草)模式都使土壤肥力、生物生产力明显提高。对水土保持最好的是自然抛荒,其次是牧草、板栗 金银花、毛竹和木豆,最差的是任豆;经济效益最好的是牧草,其次是任豆、毛竹、板栗 金银花和木豆,最差是自然抛荒。     

双组分有机相与水相之间有机污染物分配规律的研究

本文测定了几种有机污染物在双组分有机相与水相之间的分配系数,结果显示污染物在这种两相体系间的分配系数与构成有机相的两种有机溶剂对污染物的萃取常数及体积份数有关,并对污染物在有机相存在分子缔合时的分配行为进行了探讨.