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21.
This study presents a GIS-based database framework used to assess aggregate terrestrial habitat impacts from multiple highway
construction projects in California, USA. Transportation planners need such impact assessment tools to effectively address
additive biological mitigation obligations. Such assessments can reduce costly delays due to protracted environmental review.
This project incorporated the best available statewide natural resource data into early project planning and preliminary environmental
assessments for single and multiple highway construction projects, and provides an assessment of the 10-year state-wide mitigation
obligations for the California Department of Transportation. Incorporation of these assessments will facilitate early and
more strategic identification of mitigation opportunities, for single-project and regional mitigation efforts. The data architecture
format uses eight spatial scales: six nested watersheds, counties, and transportation planning districts, which were intersected.
This resulted in 8058 map planning units statewide, which were used to summarize all subsequent analyses. Range maps and georeferenced
locations of federally and state-listed plants and animals and a 55-class landcover map were spatially intersected with the
planning units and the buffered spatial footprint of 967 funded projects. Projected impacts were summarized and output to
the database. Queries written in the database can sum expected impacts and provide summaries by individual construction project,
or by watershed, county, transportation district or highway. The data architecture allows easy incorporation of new information
and results in a tool usable without GIS by a wide variety of agency biologists and planners. The data architecture format
would be useful for other types of regional planning. 相似文献
22.
Ross Thorne 《Journal of environmental psychology》1981,1(3):251-255
23.
Todd S. Bridges Daniel Kovacs Matthew D. Wood Kelsie Baker Gordon Butte Sarah Thorne Igor Linkov 《The Environmentalist》2013,33(3):376-390
The potential impacts of climate change are varied and highly uncertain, and pose a significant challenge to agencies charged with managing environmental risks. This paper presents a comprehensive and structured Mental Modeling approach to elicit, organize and present relevant information from experts and stakeholders about the factors influencing environmental risk management in the face of climate change. We present and review an initiative undertaken by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to characterize climate change challenges to USACE environmental risk management activities, and to identify gaps with respect to science, engineering, and organizational processes for addressing these challenges. By employing Mental Modeling, the research has characterized the influences of climate change on USACE environmental risk management, and aggregating recommendations from 28 experts. In addition, the study identifies the most important opportunities to improve organizational response to climate change, ranging from focused research and development of technical capabilities to broad paradigm shifts and systemic organizational improvements within the USACE environmental risk management programs. This study demonstrates that Mental Modeling is a useful tool for understanding complex problems, identifying gaps, and formulating strategies, and can be used by a multitude of organizations and agencies. 相似文献