Removal of bromate ion using powdered activated carbon

Bromate ion (BrO 3) removal from drinking water by powdered activated carbons (PAC S) in bath mode was evaluated under various operational conditions.Six kinds of PACs,including wood-based carbon,fruit-based carbon,coal-based carbon,and these three carbons thermally deoxidized in a nitrogen atmosphere,were selected to investigate their capacity on BrO 3 removal.With the highest zeta potential value and being richly mesoporous,coal-based carbon had a high and an excellent BrO 3 adsorption efficiency.The removal content of BrO 3 by per gram of coal-based carbon was 0.45 mg within 5 hr in 100 μg/L bromate solution.The surface characteristics of PACs and bromide formation revealed that both physical and chemical PACs properties simultaneously affected the adsorptionreduction process.Under acidic conditions,PAC S possessed high zeta value and adequate basic groups and exhibited neutral or positive charges,promoting BrO 3 adsorption-reduction on the carbon surface.Interestingly,the PAC S thermally deoxidized in N 2 atmosphere optimized their properties,e.g.increasing their zeta values and decreasing the oxygen content which accelerated the BrO 3 removal rate.The maximum adsorption capacity of fruit-based carbon was the highest among all tested carbons (99.6 mg/g),possibly due to its highest pore volume.Remarkably,the thermal regeneration of PACs in N 2 atmosphere could completely recover the adsorption capacity of PACs.The kinetic data obtained from carbons was analyzed using pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion models,with results showing that the intraparticle diffusion was the more applicable model to describe adsorption of BrO 3 onto PACs.     

Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd exhibited by different vegetables

It is an important approach to use the Cd-contaminated soils properly by growing low accumulator or excluder plants for Cd to produce safe foods. To find the suitable vegetable species for growing in Cd-contaminated soils, in the present study the variations in the Cd accumulation for twenty eight vegetable species and several cultivars of five common vegetables (cowpea, kidney pea, bitter gourd, cucumber and squash) were investigated in two soil Cd levels (1 and 2 mg/kg Cd). Experimental results showed that highly significant differences in Cd concentration were evident among 28 vegetables. For example, spinach Cd concentrations were 110-fold and 175-fold higher than that of sweet pea under the 1 and 2 mg/kg Cd exposures, respectively. For Cd accumulation, the order of vegetable species was: leafy vegetables solanaceous vegetables kale vegetables root vegetables allimus melon vegetables legumes. Distinctive differences were also identified when comparing different cultivars of the five common vegetables with an average range of 0.003–0.094 mg/kg Cd. Our results indicated that a large genotypic variation existed among vegetable species or cultivars when subjected to Cd exposure. Therefore, it is important and feasible to elect/breed vegetable species/cultivars with low accumulation of Cd, especially in mildly Cd-contaminated soils.     

电力行业节能减排途径探讨

为实现电力行业十一五节能20%,二氧化硫削减22%的行业目标,电力行业面临严峻的节能减排形势。根据清洁生产源头控制以及废弃物资源化利用的原理,介绍了七种具有明显经济效益和环境效益的节能减排技术,为电力行业清洁生产审核中节能减排方案的提出提供借鉴作用。     

芳烃联合装置污染源调查分析及控制治理措施

中国石化洛阳分公司芳烃联合装置始建于1998年,2000年3月建成,主要包括芳烃抽提和对二甲苯2套装置。芳烃抽提装置采用美国UOP环丁砜工艺技术,以炼油装置重整生成油为原料,利用液液萃取的方法,分离出重整油中的芳烃和     

微污染水源水中毒害有机物的控制措施及最新研究进展

目前中国饮用水有机物污染日益加重,其危害性也逐渐被人们所重视,随着科学发展,许多水处理方法不断开发。文中阐述了控制微污染水源水中毒害有机物的主要措施：强化混凝、吸附、臭氧/生物活性炭联用、化学氧化、离子交换、膜技术等,不同的处理工艺对不同有机物的去除能力不同,某些工艺本身亦存在着问题,如膜技术存在着膜污染问题等,目前的研究是将多个工艺组合起来,形成联合工艺,从而达到多种污染物同时去除的目的,获得较好的水质。     

基于因子-神经网络预测南渡江海口段水质状况

针对海南省南渡江日益严重的水污染现状,根据南渡江海口段2001年-2006年的监测资料,应用因子分析法找出影响水质的主要污染指标,建立了基于BP神经网络的主要污染指标预测模型,并对其进行训练检验,结果证明该模型预测精度满足要求,再利用训练、检验后的模型对近几年主要污染因子进行预测,发现了变化规律,最后提出南渡江污染防治措施。     

环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题及对策

公众参与在环境影响评价中是不可缺少的一部分,具有非常重要的作用。为推进和规范环境影响评价活动中的公众参与,2006年2月,环保部出台了《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》,主要对公众参与的组织形式和公众参与的时限做了规定。虽然暂行办法的出台发挥了一定的作用,但中国的公众参与制度还是不够完善,公众参与的有效性差。针对于此,分析了中国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。促进中国环境影响评价中的公众参与能够有效地进行,为环境管理提供依据。     

平凉市煤矿瓦斯气象预警系统

利用崇信县气象观测资料,选用华煤集团新柏煤矿瓦斯浓度观测资料,进行多因子分析,探讨气象条件与矿井瓦斯浓度的关系,选取相关系数绝对值大于0.3的因子,用统计学方法中的逐步回归法进行煤矿区不同回风巷瓦斯浓度预测,建立瓦斯气象条件预警模型,并建立瓦斯气象自动监控预警系统平台,为研究煤矿瓦斯爆炸,减少煤矿安全生产事故的发生,提供科学依据。     

漕桥河区域水环境质量现状分析

介绍了漕桥河区域水系概况、武宜运河、太涡运河与漕桥河的水流关系;对漕桥河全线6个例行监测断面、武宜运河钟溪大桥断面、太涡运河分水新桥断面及漕桥河沿线37个支浜的水环境质量现状进行了详细介绍,得出漕桥河及周围河网以氮磷污染为主、两岸河浜的汇水使漕桥河水质下降、武宜运河来水影响漕桥河上游水质、太涡运河来水影响漕桥河下游水质的主要结论,为漕桥河的水环境综合整治奠定了基础,也为其它入湖河流水环境综合整治规划的章节编制提供一定参考。     

染料行业节水减污措施探讨

染料行业发展迅速,但随着节能减排要求的提高,问题也愈暴露,甚至影响到染料工业的生存。针对染料行业水耗高、废水产生量大的严峻环境问题,提出节水减污的工作思路。通过推行清洁生产,找出水耗高、污染物产生量大的环节,结合企业实际生产情况,从染料生产的技术工艺、设备、水回收利用、加强管理、结合一定的末端治理5个方面,探讨节水减污的措施,争取做到源头节水,将污染物最大程度地消灭在生产过程中,做到废水的回收利用,使染料行业能够可持续发展下去。