美欧环境内分泌干扰物研究框架

欧美于20世纪90年代开始系统研究环境内分泌干扰物（EDs)，为此成立了专门的工作机构负责EDs研究的规划与协调工作。研究框架包括确认EDs对人类和生态效应的方法，剂量一效应关系模型以及检测环境暴露水平等。研究对环境威胁最大受试物的主要毒理学终点有致癌性，生殖发育毒性，神经毒性和免疫毒性，目前危险评价的新进展是应用定量结构活性关系（QSAR）模型预测化学物的安全性。     

广西灌阳县观音阁响水洞的形成环境及1号石笋的古气候信息

本文根据灌阳县响水洞的成洞地质条件、生态环境以及洞穴的组成等 ,论述了洞穴的形成、发育过程。通过对响水洞 1号石笋的铀系测年 ,碳氧同位素及沉积 (间断 )纹层分析 ,获得了距今 4 4.0～ 3 .1ka高分辨率古气候演变信息。反映 4 4.0ka以来区内经历了严寒 (晚大理冰期 )、冰期后干冷和温热 (间夹短暂的冷期 )等气候变化 ,为确定响水洞的形成时代和环境提供了科学依据。     

燃煤电厂中微量元素迁移释放研究

基于原煤、飞灰及底灰的测试分析，对晋北一家燃煤电厂中硫等43种元素向环境的迁移释放作了定量研究，结果表明：Al等30种元素基本留在固体燃煤产物中；As等10种元素部分留在固体燃煤产物中，部分挥发到大气中；元素Br、Hg及硫基本挥发到大气中；各元素的挥发程度与自身的赋存状态及地球化学性质等有关。     

Removal of heavy metals（Cr~（6＋），Ni~（2＋）） from polluted water using decaying leaves of plane（Plantanus orientalis）

Ｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ（Ｃｒ~（６＋），Ｎｉ~（２＋））ｆｒｏｍｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｗａｔｅｒｕｓｉｎｇｄｅｃａｙｉｎｇｌｅａｖｅｓｏｆｐｌａｎｅ（Ｐｌａｎｔａｎｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ）￥ＴａｎＺｈｉｑｕｎ（ＴｚｉｔｓｃｈｕｎｇＴ．Ｔａ...     

Annual variations of black carbon over the Yangtze River Delta from 2015 to 2018

In this study, the black carbon (BC) measurements in the atmosphere of Nanjing, China were continuously conducted from 2015 to 2018 using a Model AE-33 aethalometer. By combining dataset of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃ and meteorological parameters, the temporal variations and the source apportionment of BC were given in this study. The results showed that the PM_2.5 mass concentrations decreased in Nanjing, with an average annual rate of variation of 6.50 μg/(m³?year). Differently, the annual average concentrations of BC increased with an average annual variation rate of 214.71 ng/(m³?year). The seasonal variations showed the pattern of BC mass concentrations in winter > autumn > spring > summer. The diurnal variations of BC mass concentrations showed a double-peak in all four seasons. The first peak occurred at approximately 7:00 in spring, summer and autumn and around 8:00 in winter. The second peak took place after 18:00. The average AAE (absorption Ångström exponent) was 1.26 with a maximum of 1.35 during wintertime and the lowest (1.12) during summertime. In addition, the AAE was smaller in the daytime than that at night, with a minimum occurring between 13:00 and 14:00. BC and visibility show a good power-function relationship at different humidity levels. The average values of the visibility thresholds of the BC mass concentrations in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 1.326, 5.522, 1.340 and 0.708 μg/m³, respectively. The greater the relative humidity, the smaller the visibility threshold for the BC mass concentrations was.     

Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis

Various manganese oxides (MnO_x) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnO_x, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T₉₀ (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn₂O₃ with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO₂ and H₂O.     

Effects of triclosan on gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Previous studies have reported that triclosan (TCS) could possess an androgenic activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of TCS on gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, a sensitive amphibian species to androgenic chemicals. P. nigromaculatus tadpoles at stage 24 were exposed to TCS (3, 30, and 300 nmol/L) to stage 46 in a semi-static exposure system. At the end of exposure, gonadal morphology and histology, sex ratio and gonadal expression of sex-biased genes were examined in P. nigromaculatus. In each TCS treatment group, we found several individuals whose gonads exhibited morphological and/or histological abnormalities. Gonadal histological abnormalities were characterized by few oocytes and many somatic cells. Although the percentage of the individuals with abnormal gonads was low (7.8%) among all animals treated with TCS, statistical test revealed the sex ratios in the 3 and 300 nmol/L TCS treatment groups were significantly different from the solvent control. In the 30 nmol/L TCS treatment group, abnormal gonads were also observed, although the sex ratio was not changed compared with the solvent control, which was possibly due to the smaller sample size in this group. In all the TCS treatment groups, the sex ratios were not obviously male-biased, but the expression levels of some sex-biased genes were significantly altered by TCS. Altogether, our results suggest that TCS, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, could disrupt gonadal differentiation and development in P. nigromaculatus, but we are not sure whether the disrupting effects were associated with masculinization or feminization.     

Alkynyl carbon materials as novel and efficient sorbents for the adsorption of mercury(Ⅱ) from wastewater

For the first time, a series of alkynyl carbon materials(ACMs) were prepared via the mechanochemical reaction of CaC_2 with six polyhalogenated precursors, namely CCl_4,C_2Cl_6, C_2Cl_4, C_6Cl_6, C_6Br_6, and C_(14)H_4Br_(10)(ACM-1, ACM-2, ACM-3, ACM-4, ACM-5, and ACM-6,respectively) and used for the adsorptive removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.Based on preliminary investigations, the adsorption of mercury on ACM-5 was studied in depth. Specifically, the effect of p H on mercury adsorptivity, adsorption kinetics,thermodynamics, isotherms, and recyclability was studied. The adsorptivity of mercury on ACMs was found to be closely related to the hydrocarbon precursor, specific surface area of sorbent, and the alkynyl content. ACM-5 showed the best performance and is among the best raw carbonaceous sorbents reported so far, with a Langmuir saturated adsorption capacity of 191.9 mg g~(-1). The promising mercury adsorption performance mainly arises from the strong Lewis soft acid–soft base interactions between the alkynyl groups and mercury ions. The adsorption isotherms could be satisfactorily correlated with the Langmuir equation. The results show that the ACMs can be used as efficient sorbents for the removal of mercury and may also be useful for the adsorption of other heavy metals.     

基于低碳视角的天津市能源结构系统动力学分析

全球气候变化和温室气体的大量排放已成为国际社会广泛关注的问题,能源结构调整是应对这一问题行之有效的手段。通过对天津市能源结构进行研究,从低碳角度出发,以改善天津以煤为主的能源供给结构、提高能源利用效率、缓解能源供应压力、减少环境污染和生态破坏为目的,应用系统动力学对天津市能源结构的未来发展情况进行模拟,通过对非低碳模式、低碳模式和强化低碳模式3种模拟方案下能源消耗情况和温室气体排放的比较,找出适合天津市能源结构调整的最佳模式。     

太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解2,4-二硝基酚

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法(so1-ge1)和常压干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶,在此基础上,将硅气凝胶掺杂进入TiO2溶胶中制备出TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂.利用xRD、TEM和FI-IR等技术对其晶型、形貌和结构进行表征,研究了太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化荆对2,4-二硝基苯...