纳米絮凝剂在废水处理中研究与应用进展

介绍了纳米絮凝剂在国内外的发展应用现状,分别对纳米絮凝剂的废水处理应用情况进行了概括;通过例举并分析了广泛研究的各类无机纳米絮凝剂、有机纳米絮凝剂以及其纳米复合絮凝剂的制备方法及特性,比较了各类絮凝剂的处理效果.最后展望了纳米絮凝剂在废水处理领域的发展与应用趋势.     

Sediment quality criteria for heavy metal pollution in the Le An River with triad approach

In this study, integrative trail was used to sediment quality in the Le An River, which has been strongly contaminated by large amount of Cu, Pb, Zn,Cd, As and Cr discharging from mining activity. All available data collected from chemical analyses,toxic tests and field survey on benthic macroinvertebrates were transformed into Ratio-to-reference(RTR) and relevant scales.The responses of receiving environment to mining impacts were illustrated by traid graphs. Traid results indicated that a sectional-distribution pattern existed from upstream to downstream:(2) relative clean upstream;(b) serious contaminated middle stream;(c) gradual recovery downstream. This situation was closely related with local mining activities, which caused obvious degradation of sediment quality in some sections, therefore,remediation was required urgently.     

走向和谐,有待唤起民族环境意识的历史记忆--专访全国人大常委会副委员长许嘉璐

"环境保护与公众参与"是"绿色中国"第九届论坛的主题,也是2005中国环境文化节的主旋律.可以说2005年12月3日在北京昆仑饭店举办的这次论坛是整个环境文化节的理论升华.更有幸的是,论坛请到了全国人大副委员长许嘉璐,尽管他事先并没有准备发言,但看到出席会议的众多国际朋友和国内专家如此热心地关注环境保护事业,如此执着地宣传公众参与,他被大家的真诚感动了,于是即席发表了热情洋溢的演讲.会后我们采访了许嘉璐副委员长.     

Stability of alpine timberline ecotone on Taibai Mountain,China

--Landscape boundaries are always indicated by thevegetation boundaries. As an ecotone between closed forest andtreeline, alpine timberline may respond to global climate changessensitively. The stability of timberline and treeline depend notonly on climate change, but also on the interaction of both sidesof the ecosystems. Three natural boundaries existing in thetimberline transitional zone are recognized (1) timberline (upperlimit of closed forest zone); (2) treeline (upper limit of treeislands zone); (3) tree-species line (upper limit of individualtree growth). Paleobotanical and sedimentary evidences suggest thatthere were several times of climate fluctuation during the Holoceneperiod in this area. The timberline of Taibai Mountain must havemoved for four times on the millennium scale. Being a stochasticoscillation boundary, treeline appears in a semi-stable conditionon the century scale. The tree-species line is even more unstable,which appears in an unstable status on the decades scale. Thecomparison of the stability within several landscape boundaries,shed light on the sensibility of these communities to variousperturbation and environmental heterogeneity, i.e., herb community is the most sensitive one, which is followed by shrubs, and forestis the most stable one. Trees and shrubs can adapt to rocky andpoor soils. On the contrary, alpine herbs are able to adapt towetter and cooler soils. Finally, under a scenario of a temperatureof 1.5-4.5℃ increase, the present timberline will be relativelystable but treeline and tree-species line will move upward.     

从钛铁渣中回收钛和铝——(二)回收铝

提出了一种从钛铁渣中提取大量铝的方法.研究了将钛铁渣酸解液中大量铝合成洗涤助剂用4A沸石的工艺条件,得到了合格的4A沸石产品,铝的回收率约为89%.探讨了导向剂在合成沸石中的应用,并对4A沸石产品的物性进行了表征.     

聚磷氯化铝溶液形态分布及转化规律

聚磷氯化铝是一种新型高效混凝剂，采用逐时络合比色法和酸中和速度法研究了聚磷氯化铝溶液的形态分布。结果表明，聚磷氯化铝的聚合形态为聚合铝形态与磷酸根作用新形态之和，其形态分布取决于羟比值和磷铝比值等因素，在一定的羟铝比值和磷铝比值时，聚磷氯化铝溶液可划分为５类形态，描绘出了聚磷氯化铝的形态转化规律。     

水解聚合铝溶液中形态分布的定量模拟研究

通过Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和￣（２７）Ａｌ核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）法，并应用“ＭＩＮＥＱＬ”化学平衡模式计算法，对采用不同反应途径制得的聚合铝（ＰＡＣ）溶液中的化学形态分布规律进行了定量模拟研究和对比。模式计算结果与两种实验定量分析结果都较为吻合，结果表明，在水解聚合铝溶液中较稳定的化学形态主要有五种：一种单体形态［ａｌ＿ａ］，即Ａｌ￣（３＋），Ａｌ（ＯＨ）￣（２＋），Ａｌ（ＯＨ）＿２￣＋；３种聚合形态［Ａｌ＿ｂ］，即和以及一种溶胶或凝胶形态［Ａｌ＿ｃ］，即Ａｌ（ＯＨ）＿３（ａｍ）．这些化学形态的分布和转化不仅取决于溶液的化学特征，而且也取决于制备方法的不同。     

混凝过程中铝与聚合铝水解形态的动力学转化及其稳定性

采用Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法，并结合电泳测定研究了混凝过程中氯化铝和聚合氯化铝的水解形态动力学转化及稳定性。结果表明，ＡＣ在混凝过程中所形成的水解形态完全不同于ＰＡＣ的预制水解聚合形态，其电荷及分子量均明显低于聚合铝且不稳定，ＡＣ随混凝条件如投加浓度、ＰＨ和混合时间而变，而ＰＡＣ－２５水解聚合形态不随混凝条件变化，始终保持稳定状态，ＡＣ水解沉淀规律与理论计算相符并形成无定形Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３絮体颗粒     

活性炭纤维在水处理中的应用现状

活性炭纤维(ACF)是有机纤维材料经碳化、活化制成的一种新型吸附材料,具有独特的物理、化学结构和吸附速度快、容量大、含碳量高、再生容易的特点,比传统活性炭具有更好的吸附性能,应用前景广阔,目前已用于水质净化、废水的常规处理和深度处理、回收废水中有用物质等方面,而且处理效果明显、应用价值高.但由于其价格较高、对大分子污染物的吸附性较差等因素,使得活性炭纤维在水处理中的广泛使用受到一定程度的限制,因此,应当对其加强开发研究,拓宽在水处理中的应用范围.     

造纸废水处理人工湿地系统规划研究

造纸废水是最难治理的废水之一，现在处理技术上并没有得到最大突破；但在土地资源相对比较丰富的地区，通过对处理废水人工湿地系统的合理规划与设计，可以实现污染的零排放，并最终使污水资源化。本文对射阳双灯纸厂造纸废水处理人工湿地系统进行研究，提出合理的废水处理工艺流程与设计，以期达到经济发展与环境保护的协同。