Organochlorine pesticides in the dust fall around Lake Chaohu, the fifth largest lake in China

The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the dust fall around Lake Chaohu were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry from April 2010 to March 2011. The fluxes, components, temporal–spatial variations, and sources of OCPs were also analyzed. Twenty-one types of OCPs were detected in the dust fall samples around Lake Chaohu, with a total concentration of 51.54?±?36.31 ng/g and a total flux of 10.01?±?13.69 ng/(m² day). Aldrin (35.3 %), endosulfan (39.1 %), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (49.8 %), and isodrin (37.1 %) were the major OCPs in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Both the residual level and the flux were higher in the spring than in other seasons and higher at the outer lake sampling sites than inner lake sampling site. The potential source of the hexachlorcyclohexanes in the dust fall may be recent lindane usage. The DDTs mainly came from historical dicofol usage, and a significant input of DDT was found during April and June. The presence of endosulfan may be due to the present use of technical endosulfan. The aldrin in the dust might be due to its occasional usage, and isodrin may be a result of long-distance transport from other countries.     

冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响

为了考察生态浮床在冬季的运行效果,选择世博园区白莲泾生态浮床工程为研究对象,研究了冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响。结果表明,取样期间浮游藻类生物总量逐月增加,且对照区明显高于浮床区;浮床区与对照区浮游藻类的种群结构差异明显,浮床区以硅藻门为主,而对照区以绿藻门为主。并且,小环藻与细微颤藻的优势度指数均有明显的下降。同时,浮床区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数明显高于对照区。以上结果均证明,虽然在冬季较低温的情况下水生植物新陈代谢缓慢,但生态浮床仍会影响浮游藻类的数量及生物多样性,从而对水质净化起到一定的改善作用。     

基于AHP的POPs污染控制技术评价方法研究

POPs污染控制技术的引进和推广是削减POPs排放的重要手段,对最大限度地控制我国POPs污染,提升国家履行《斯德哥尔摩公约》的能力具有重要意义。为了筛选出适合我国发展需求与经济水平的技术,在对POPs污染控制技术进行分类研究的基础上,基于层次分析法(AHP)建立了POPs污染控制技术综合评价指标体系和评价方法。同时,选择钢铁行业的两种烟气POPs控制技术进行案例分析,证明了建立的评价方法具有较好的可行性。此外,评价结果表明,高炉煤气干式除尘余压压差发电技术优于转炉煤气干法烟气除尘及尘泥压块技术,应优先考虑在钢铁行业进行应用与推广,以提升行业POPs污染控制能力。     

柚子皮制备生物炭吸附苯酚的特性和动力学

廉价的柚子皮作为原材料制备生物炭吸附剂对含苯酚废水进行吸附研究。扫描电镜结果表明,柚子皮制备的生物炭具有较好表面吸附空间结构,比表面积测定为261.69 m2/g。此外,能谱对柚子皮生物炭元素分析发现,生物炭主要含有C、O、P、K,这些是生物质特点。红外对柚子皮生物炭分析发现生物炭含有羟基、氨基、羰基、羧基、磷酸酯或者硫酸酯等活性基团,这些是吸附苯酚的特性官能团。在初始浓度为100 mg/L,投加量为3 g/L,中性pH,30℃条件下吸附30 min后柚子皮生物炭对苯酚的去除率达到76.4%。伪二级动力学方程能很好地拟合柚子皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附过程。同时,Langmiur和Freundlich等温方程在整个温度都能较好地拟合数据,在30℃时,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量可达到49.75 mg/g。通过实际废水应用实验,表明柚子皮生物炭是一种有潜力可用于高浓度含酚废水的处理的有效材料。     

Does green finance improve the industrial eco-efficiency in China?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improving industrial eco-efficiency is of great significance for building a beautiful China and achieving its carbon peak and neutrality targets....     

Isolation and characterization of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter in waters by ion exchange solid phase extraction followed by high resolution mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and...     

农田土壤镉生物有效性及暴露评估研究进展

随着工业化和城市化进程的发展,我国在农田土壤污染领域面临较大挑战,其中镉(Cd)为最优先控制元素之一。农田土壤Cd污染风险类型为健康风险,其主要暴露途径为经土壤-植物系统,并经膳食进入人体。在当前的土壤Cd风险评估中,一般不考虑生物有效性问题,这使得风险评价中实际暴露评估的不确定性普遍偏高。所以,近年来欧洲国家有许多研究者提出将生物有效性因素放在土壤污染物风险评价框架内。基于此,本文立足于农田系统,并从土壤、植物、污染物及环境因素等4个方面详细综述了农田土壤Cd生物有效性的影响因素及其作用机理。其次,分别综述了近年来土壤Cd生物有效性预测模型和土壤Cd膳食暴露评估模型研究进展。最后,分析了我国土壤重金属风险评价中存在的不足,并对农田土壤Cd暴露评估发展态势和研究方向进行了初步预测,以期为农田土壤Cd健康风险评估及安全基准研究提供一定参考。     

Calcium protects roots of Sedum alfredii H. against cadmium-induced oxidative stress

Sedum alfredii is a well-known Cd (cadmium) hyperaccumulator native to China. The impacts of exogenous Ca on Cd-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in roots of S. alfredii were investigated by using cellular and biochemical approaches. Supplementation of the medium with higher Ca levels resulted in alleviated growth inhibition and decreased Cd concentration, as well as increased Ca concentration in roots. Cadmium induced lipid peroxidation and loss of plasma membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species overproduction, as well as ultrastructural changes of root cells were largely reversed by Ca supplementation in the medium. Calcium application significantly altered the Cd effects on antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme antioxidants (non-protein thiols), and significantly increased glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. The results suggest that Ca is able to protect the roots of S. alfredii against Cd toxicity by restoration of Cd-displaced Ca, alleviation of the metal induced oxidative stress, as well as promotion of GSH biosynthesis.     

Ammonia volatilization,N2O and CO2 emissions from landfill leachate-irrigated soils

Effects of leachate addition on ammonia volatilization and N₂O and CO₂ emissions from two different soils were investigated using the 10-day laboratory incubation method at two levels of moisture content. Ammonia volatilization was dominated by soil pH and only occurred in alkaline clay soil, where 0.26–0.32% of soil ammonia could be lost. The N₂O emission from the alkaline clay soil was one order of magnitude greater than that from the acidic sandy soil, when either water or leachate was irrigated. Increasing the moisture content from 46% water-filled pore space (WFPS) to 70% WFPS in the alkaline clay soil or the acidic sandy soil by either water or leachate irrigation increased the N₂O emission by over twofold. The CO₂ emission from each soil sample at the two WFPSs was almost the same. The CO₂ emission from the alkaline clay soil with leachate addition was 72% lower than that from the acidic sandy soil with leachate addition, and 6.7 times higher than that from the alkaline clay soil with distilled water addition. Ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission under leachate irrigation could be minimized by avoiding the excessively wet condition and by selecting the acidic sandy soil with low organic carbon and total nitrogen content.