生物脱氮除磷工艺中的丝状菌

在生物脱氮除磷工艺中,污泥膨胀是运行管理的难题。介绍了生物脱氮除磷工艺中丝状菌的种类和数量的变化,数据表明,生物脱氮除磷工艺中的丝状菌主要是微丝菌,其次是0675型和0914型菌。经分析认为,污泥龄的增加会促进丝状菌长度的明显增长并导致污泥膨胀,生物残渣的浓度是造成长泥龄污泥膨胀的原因之一。厌氧阶段有分解生物残渣的功能,可改善菌胶团菌的微环境,从而抑制丝状菌的过剩生长,控制污泥膨胀。     

大气气溶胶中有机成分研究进展

有机物是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,尤其是在细颗粒中,可占其干重的10%～70%。由于有机气溶胶的健康及气候效应,有机物的组成、源分布、颗粒行为等的研究越来越受到人们的重视。其中,有机物成分的鉴别和定量已成为近年来的研究热点。在分析中,就目前有机气溶胶的采样、有机成分提取、分离及定性、定量分析方法进行了综述,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

负载稀土元素活性碳纤维在微型反应器中净化NO废气

以NH3为还原剂,以活性碳纤维（ACF）、HNO,浸渍的ACF、负载CuO的ACF和负载La2O3的ACF为催化剂,在微型反应器中考察各种催化剂对NO催化还原的活性,并进行了差热-热重、扫描电镜分析。实验结果表明,ACF负载La能有效地改善催化剂的活性,且催化活性中心为非晶态的氧化物;当ACF负载20％的La2O3时具有最好的低温活性,NO的去除率最高可达92％以上。     

Study on coupling between mineral resources exploitation and the mining ecological environment in Shanxi Province

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Due to rapid socioeconomic development, seeking the coordination of resources exploitation and the ecological environment has become an objective...     

Effects of Topographical Heterogeneity and Dispersal Limitation on Species Turnover in a Temperate Mountane Ecosystem: a Case Study in the Henan Province,China

Species turnover patterns can be inconsistent due to differences in the dispersal ability of different growth forms. Here, species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and bryophytes in the Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in China were analyzed to determine patterns of species turnover along an elevation and spatial gradient. Variance partitioning was used to assess the relative contribution of topographic heterogeneity and dispersal limitation to species turnover. Our results suggest that the effect of dispersal limitation is more important than topographic heterogeneity on species turnover in temperate mountane ecosystems in the study area. Dispersal limitation has a greater effect on trees species turnover than on shrubs, herbs or bryophytes species turnover.     

麻质活性炭的制备及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

以废麻为原料,KOH为活化剂制备粉状活性炭,通过静态吸附实验研究了活性炭对Cu2+的吸附性能,探讨了溶液起始pH值、活性炭投加量、吸附时间、起始Cu2+质量浓度等对Cu2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明,溶液pH和活性炭投加量对吸附效果有较大影响,活性炭对Cu2+的吸附率在60 min内超过50%,初始浓度在10~50 mg/L时,活性炭对Cu2+的吸附量与起始浓度近似成正比。采用Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温式对吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,结果表明吸附等温线符合Frenudlich模型。采用傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)分析了活性炭的表面官能团,分析表明活性炭表面酸性官能团可能是吸附Cu2+的活性中心。     

Sulfamethoxazole sorption by sediment fractions in comparison to pyrene and bisphenol A

The environmental behavior of antibiotics has attracted great research attention. However, their sorption mechanisms in soils/sediments are still unknown. Comparison of the sorption properties between the widely-studied hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) and antibiotics may provide valuable insight to antibiotic sorption mechanisms. Thus, in this study batch experiments for pyrene (PYR), bisphenol A (BPA), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sorption were conducted on a sediment sample and its separated fractions. Our results showed the high sorption of PYR on black carbon and organic matter. Although high sorption of SMX was observed for both separated organic fractions (humic acids) and inorganic mineral particles, the original sediment particles showed relatively low sorption. Competitive sorption between SMX and dissolved humic acid on mineral particles was observed in this study. This competitive interaction is a unique process for antibiotic sorption in soils/sediments compared with apolar HOCs and may be one of the important factors controlling the antibiotic sorption.     

Evaluation of airborne particulate matter and metals data in personal,indoor and outdoor environments using ED-XRF and ICP-MS and co-located duplicate samples

Factors and sources affecting measurement uncertainty associated with monitoring metals in airborne particulate matter (PM) were investigated as part of the Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study (WOEAS). The assessment was made using co-located duplicate samples and a comparison of two analytical approaches: ED-XRF and ICP-MS. Sampling variability was estimated using relative percent difference (RPD) of co-located duplicate samples. The comparison of ICP-MS and ED-XRF results yields very good correlations (R² ≥ 0.7) for elements present at concentrations that pass both ICP-MS and ED-XRF detection limits (e.g. Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu). PM concentration ranges (median, sample number) of 24-h indoor PM₁₀ and personal PM₁₀ filters, and outdoor PM_2.5 filters were determined to be 2.2–40.7 (11.0, n = 48) μg m^?3, 8.0–48.3 (11.9, n = 48) μg m^?3, and 17.1–42.3 (21.6, n = 18) μg m^?3, respectively. The gravimetric analytical results reveal that the variations in PM mass measurements for same-day sampling are insignificant compared to temporal or spatial variations: 92%, 100% and 96% of indoor, outdoor and personal duplicate samples, respectively, pass the quality criteria (RPD ≤ 20%). Uncertainties associated with ED-XRF elemental measurements of S, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn for 24-h filter samples are low: 78%–100% of the duplicate samples passed the quality criteria. In the case of 24-h filter samples using ICP-MS, more elements passed the quality criteria due to the lower detection limits. These were: Li, Na, K, Ca, Si, Al, V, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, Ag, Zn, Pb, As, Mg, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, and U. Low air concentrations of metals (near or below instrumental detection limits) and/or inadvertent introduction of metal contamination are the main causes for excluding elements based on the pass/fail criteria. Uncertainty associated with elemental measurements must be assessed on an element-by-element basis.     

超声波处理、热处理及酸碱调节对剩余污泥溶解效果的对比研究

以高含磷剩余污泥为对象,采用超声波处理、热处理和酸碱调节3种减量化技术,研究了细胞物质溶解过程中COD、氮、磷的释放规律.结果表明,在超声最大时间为1.0 h、声能密度为0.167～0.500 W/mL的实验条件下,超声波处理中污泥减量和细胞物质的释放效果随超声时间延长而提高,声能密度对释放效果的影响较小;在热处理中,污泥减量和细胞物质的释放效果随热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的延长而提高,但热处理温度的贡献大于热处理时间;在超声波处理和热处理(除热处理温度为50 ℃外)中,污泥上清液TN中均以有机氮为主,NH3-N次之;在酸碱调节处理中,只有在初始pH为12.0时,处理4.0 h后才会有一定的污泥减量和溶解效果,但污泥浓度下降不明显.3种减量化技术中,超声波处理最为经济、有效.     

水平潜流人工湿地在不同水力负荷下的水力效率及可视化分析

构建水平潜流人工湿地装置,通过NaCl示踪脉冲实验,得到不同水力负荷条件下的水力停留时间分布密度曲线,根据不同停留时间的关系计算相对水力效率,并利用染料,进行不同水力负荷下的可视化示踪实验,通过MATLAB处理得到高对比度的流态图像。观察"死区"分布,计算"死区"相对面积用以表征其水力效率。结果表明,湿地装置进水水力负荷较高或较低时,水力效率均较低,且水力负荷较大时更明显;水力分布散度(σ2θ)的大小会对水平潜流人工湿地水力效率造成较大影响;在不同水力负荷下,采用水力学效能(λ)所得到的排序结果相比短路值(s)和有效体积比(e)更能代表实际水平潜流人工湿地的水力效率。