Source apportionment of daily fine particulate matter at Jefferson Street, Atlanta, GA, during summer and winter

The primary emission source contributions to fine organic carbon (OC) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations on a daily basis in Atlanta, GA, are quantified for a summer (July 3 to August 4, 2001) and a winter (January 2-31, 2002) month. Thirty-one organic compounds in PM2.5 were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These organic tracers, along with elemental carbon, aluminum, and silicon, were used in a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. CMB source apportionment results revealed that major contributors to identified fine OC concentrations include meat cooking (7-68%; average: 36%), gasoline exhaust (7-45%; average: 21%), and diesel exhaust (6-41%; average: 20%) for the summer month, and wood combustion (0-77%; average: 50%); gasoline exhaust (14-69%; average: 33%), meat cooking (1-14%; average: 5%), and diesel exhaust (0-13%; average: 4%) for the winter month. Primary sources, as well as secondary ions, including sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, accounted for 86 +/- 13% and 112 +/- 15% of the measured PM2.5 mass in summer and winter, respectively.     

Oxidation of antimony (III) in soil by manganese (IV) oxide using X-ray absorption fine structure

The oxidation of antimony (III) in soils was studied using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra. An andosol soil sample and artificial soil samples (SiO₂ blended with iron (III) hydroxide and manganese (IV) oxide) were used herein. After adding antimony (III) oxide to all soil samples, the oxidation process was observed by recording the XAFS spectra of Sb K-edge, Fe K-edge, and Mn K-edge. The results indicated that manganese (IV) oxide played an important role in the oxidation of Sb(III); however iron (III) hydroxide was not directly related to the reaction. During a 2-hr continuous Sb K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurement with an interval of 1 min of one of the artificial soil samples (SiO₂ + MnO₂ + Sb₂O₃), a pseudo-first-order reaction was determined with an average estimated rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 hr^? 1. Compared to the lower oxidation rate of andosol, it is suggested that because of the low concentration of Mn(IV) in natural soils, the oxidation process of Sb(III) might be relatively slow and require more time to convert Sb(III) to Sb(V).     

对含有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂以及循环水中总磷含量测定方法的改进

对含有机磷缓蚀阻垢剂以及循环水中总磷含量的测定，采用直接在容量瓶中加热分解方法，可以简化繁琐的洗涤转移的过程，避免总磷丢失，提高准确性，节约实验操作时间，在实际工作中是一种很实用的方法。     

富勒烯的吸附性及其在大气挥发性有机物分析中的应用

富勒烯不含官能团，对挥发性有机物具有化学惰性，能在效地吸附ＶＯＣｓ，吸附ＶＯＣｓ气体后存放稳定，组分流失少，９种ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１级ＶＯＣｓ在富勒烯吸附管上的吸附突破体积为１４．８－４８．０Ｌ．ｇ＾－１，吸附－热脱附回收率在８６．５－１２３％之间。     

珠江三角洲一些表层沉积物中多氯联苯的初步研究

本文报导了采自珠江三角洲地区一些水体（包括澳门河口湾）的１７个表层沉积物样品中多氯联苯（ＰＣＢs）的含量、分布特征的初步研究结果，结果表明：①分布于五个地区的１ ７个表表层样品中ＰＣＢs的含量以广州市附近的样品含量最高，澳门内港次之，分别为４８４．４５ｕｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和３３８．５３ｕｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，其余样品均比广州、澳门低一个数量级，而且从珠江干流上游至下游，ＰＣＢs含量具有明显降低的趋势；②广州工     

阜阳电厂灰水氟化物浓度的确定及对地下饮用水源污染预测

目前在火电厂环境影响评价中，主要利用类比法和实验法确定灰水中氟化物的浓度。文章提出了一种新的方法－－计算法。该方法以氟的迁移转化规律为基础，以物料平衡原理为依据，充分考虑煤源、煤质、除尘方式、除灰方式、排灰方式及冲灰水水质等影响因素。与类比法和实验法相比，该法简便、可靠、实用、经济。鉴于阜场附近地区地下水饮用水源污染的可能性，影响程度及发生时间。     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中低含量锡

试验了集恒温平台石墨炉 (STPF)于一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正 ,最大功率升温 ,钯作为基体改进剂和峰面积积分 (A -s)测定废水中低含量锡的新方法。测定结果表明 ,锡含量在 0 μg/L～ 10 0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检测限 (3σ) 3 5× 10 -11g ,特征量为 9 1× 10 -11g ,相对标准差小于 6 % ,回收率在 91%～ 10 7%之间     

嘉陵江流域洪水区域分析

嘉陵江流域位于长江上游 ,是长江流域面积最大的支流 ,也是长江洪水的主要来源之一。用一种新的洪水区域分析方法———标度分析法对年最大洪峰流量区域变化的性质进行了研究。标度分析法的基本思想是认为在具有相似的地理、地质和气候条件的区域内洪水的空间变化满足标度不变性 ,将不同的地区划分成不同的区域 ,在同一子区域内用标度变换来对洪水资料进行处理 ,这种思想具有现实的普遍意义。对嘉陵江流域洪水资料研究的结果表明标度不变性在一定程度上确实存在 ,且表现出多标度性 ,也就是说不同频率 p下的标度指数θ(p)有不同的值。因此用标度分析法进行洪水区域分析是可行的。为了实际应用 ,最后还计算了嘉陵江流域不同频率p的标度指数θ(p)值 ,由这些结果可以实现由有资料地区的洪水资料对无资料地区洪水进行粗估