Organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in irrigated soils of Beijing, China: Levels, inventory and fate

Limited information on the levels, inventory and fate of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the soils irrigated by sewage or wastewater is available. In this study, variation in concentrations, profiles and fate of OCPs and PBDEs were investigated using soil samples collected from a region irrigated by sewage, mixed water and clean water in the east of Beijing, China. No significant variation was observed among groups, except for penta-BDEs. The measured ΣOCPs and ΣPBDEs residues ranged from 6.4 to 171.2 ng g⁻¹ (dw) and 501.9 to 3310.7 pg g⁻¹ (dw), respectively. ΣDDTs and BDE-209 were the most abundant congeners accounting for about 76% of ΣOCPs and 93% of ΣPBDEs. Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) and its major degradation products, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) ranged from 1.2 to 11.4 ng g⁻¹ (dw), 4.0 to 155.6 ng g⁻¹ (dw) and 0.3 to 3.4 ng g⁻¹ (dw), respectively. The major DDT degradation products were p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE. The major hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomer in irrigated soils is β-HCH, reflecting its higher affinity to solids and resistance to degradation than other isomers. Both α-HCH/β-HCH and p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE ratios were log-normally distributed and negatively correlated to log(ΣHCHs) and log(ΣDDTs), respectively, suggesting no significant recent application of OCPs. Individual BDE congeners, ΣPBDEs and ΣOCPs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC). Moreover, a good correlationship between ΣPBDEs and black carbon (BC) was obtained but not between ΣOCPs and BC. Sewage irrigation did not have obvious effect on their contaminant levels and inventory of OCPs and PBDEs.     

武汉市某小型浅水人工湖泊水质季节性变化研究

对武汉市某小型浅水人工湖泊水质进行一年的理化监测并分析，结果显示：COD、BOD5均有季节性变化的规律；气温的变化影响湖水及底泥中微生物的活性；天然降水量不同对湖水稀释程度不同；底泥的污染物释放量受温度影响；该水体可生化性差。据此，提出保护湖水的措施。     

安全道德素质:缺失与建设

分析了安全道德素质缺失的含义,指出缺失的3个主要原因:对人的生命关怀的伦理意识淡漠;缺少尊重生命健康价值的安全道德责任感;行为者无视法律和道德规范等安全行为准则;指明了安全道德素质必须具备的3个定性特征或关键"三要素":尊重生命的道德意识成为安全观念的基本成分,形成尊重生命的安全道德行为,自觉遵守安全道德规范或安全主体自律;阐明了安全道德素质是安全发展不可缺少的因素,以及企业负责人与安全管理者的安全道德素质对解决中国安全问题有着特殊的意义;提出关于建设安全道德素质的基础性、自觉性和制度性有机统一的理论框架,以适应我国社会"安全发展"的急迫性。     

麻黄愈伤组织细胞的悬浮培养

用中麻黄幼苗的３种外植体进行了离体培养。不同外植体诱导愈伤组织的结果表明：最佳培养基为ＭＳ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ；最佳外植体为下胚轴；用源于下胚轴的愈伤组织进行悬浮培养，从第３代开始建立起稳定的悬浮系。愈伤组织、悬浮培养细胞及培养液中都含有麻黄碱，悬浮培养液中的麻黄碱含量高于愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞。表２参１２     

雁荡山自然景观的科学价值

雁荡山是一座白垩纪复活破火山，经断裂切割抬升而成为典型性的破火山立体模型。它向人们展示了破火山内部的各种地质要素和各类岩石的相互关系，提供了破火山喷发产物与中央侵入体有直接联系的证据。涵盖了流纹质岩浆火山爆发、喷溢、侵出、侵入等的完整过程，堪称流纹质火山岩类的天然博物馆。雁荡山不仅显现了白垩纪时期亚洲大陆边缘复活型破火山形成与演化的地质过程，而且是古太平洋伊泽奈奇（ｌｚａｎａｑｉ）板块向亚洲大陆俯冲、壳幔深部作用的一种地表标志性展示。雁荡山破火山的奇特景观代表着东亚亚热带滨海山岳地质生态模式、奇特优秀的自然景观、具普遍意义的杰出科学价值和浓厚的民族山水文化，三者交融在一起，构成了雁荡山所特有的世界上独一无二的、兼符自然与文化双重标准的自然遗产。     

Mercury in coal and its emission by coal combustion in the Northeast China

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Sorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate by montmorillonite

Sorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates by soils and sediments is an important process that may affect their fate, transport, toxicity and their application in remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to elucidate the sorption of a widely used anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), by montmorillonite. It was observed that: (i) SDBS was sorbed significantly by montmorillonite saturated with Ca(2+), but little by Na-saturated montmorillonite; (ii) the amount of SDBS sorbed by Ca(2+)-montmorillonite was enhanced by NaCl; and (iii) no significant intercalation of SDBS into Ca(2+)-montmorillonite was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. These results indicate that the removal of SDBS by Ca(2+)-montmorillonite was primarily attributed to the precipitation between DBS(-) and Ca(2+) in solution which was released from montmorillonite via cation exchange. These results will help us to understand the sorption behavior and environmental effects of anionic surfactants.     

海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

研究了海藻酸钠浓度及固化时间对海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯(SA-PEO)凝胶球性能的影响以及采用SA-PEO凝胶球对溶液中3种重金属离子(Pb2 ,Cu2 、Cd2 )进行吸附实验的研究.结果表明,2.0%(质量分数)的SA溶液制成的凝胶球性能较好,固化时间对重金属去除率影响较小,但随着固化时间的增加,SA-PEO凝胶球的直径逐渐缩小,紧密程度和机械强度逐渐增加;在重金属离子溶液pH为4～6时,SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子去除率较高;SA-PEO凝胶球对不同重金属离子吸附效果为pb2 >Cu2 >Cd2 ;多种重金属离子共存使得SA-PEO凝胶球对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附受一定程度的抑制,而对Cu2 吸附能力有所增强,说明SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子吸附有选择性;1.00 mol/L的HCl溶液对Pb2 的解吸效果较好,解吸再生后的SA-PEO凝胶球可以重复利用.     

泛长三角地区经济发展-空间开发-环境演变耦合协调的时空格局演化

运用耦合协调模型测算2005、2010、2016年泛长三角地区经济发展-空间开发-环境演变的耦合协调度及两两系统间的耦合协调度并分析其时空格局演化特征。结果表明:(1)经济发展-空间开发-环境演变耦合度的时空格局差异明显,空间上呈"东北高、西南低"的格局特征,时间上呈接近于"S"型的演变态势;(2)经济发展-空间开发-环境演变的耦合协调度与其耦合度的空间格局具有一定关联性,整体上呈较为显著的"中东高、南北低"的空间分布特征,时间上其演变态势接近于倒"U"型的成长曲线;(3)经济发展-空间开发-环境演变两两系统间耦合协调状况差异明显,"经济发展-空间开发"的耦合协调情况相对较差,是未来亟待加强和优化的重点方向;而"经济发展-环境演变"整体上处于较高的耦合协调状态;"空间开发-环境演变"耦合协调的上升幅度较快。     

臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水生化处理出水

采用臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水生化处理出水。实验结果表明,在进气流量为2.5 L/min、进气中臭氧质量浓度为12.5 mg/L、臭氧通气时间为30 min、后续反应时间为30 min的条件下,废水的COD去除率约为40%,色度去除率大于95%,处理后废水色度小于5倍,COD为45～70 mg/L,BOD5为10～13 mg/L,BOD5/COD=0.2,出水可生化性有所提高。三维荧光光谱分析和相对分子质量分布检测结果表明,臭氧氧化处理后废水中相对分子质量较大的物质被降解为相对分子质量较小的物质。