基于灰色系统理论的煤与瓦斯预测预报系统的研究

本文将煤体温度变化、电磁辐射、声发射以及煤的破坏类型和煤层的地质构造综合起来考虑，应用灰色系统理论中的多维灰色评估方法，对煤与瓦斯突出灾害进行预测，以提高瓦斯突出预测预报的准确性。并编制了煤与瓦斯突出预测预报系统软件，为煤与瓦斯突出预测提供一种新思路和新方法。     

Impacts of Alternative Manure Application Rates on Texas Animal Feeding Operations: A Macro Level Analysis1

Abstract: An integrated economic and environmental modeling system was developed for evaluating agro‐environmental policies and practices implemented on large scales. The modeling system, the Comprehensive Economic and Environmental Optimization Tool‐Macro Modeling System (CEEOT‐MMS), integrates the Farm‐level Economic Model (FEM) and the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model, as well as national databases and clustering and aggregation algorithms. Using micro simulations of statistically derived representative farms and subsequent aggregation of farm‐level results, a wide range of agricultural best management practices can be investigated within CEEOT‐MMS. In the present study, CEEOT‐MMS was used to evaluate the economic and water quality impacts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) based manure application rates when implemented on all animal feeding operations in the State of Texas. Results of the study indicate that edge‐of‐field total P losses can be reduced by about 0.8 kg/ha/year or 14% when manure applications are calibrated to supply all of the recommended crop P requirements from manure total P sources only, when compared to manure applications at the recommended crop N agronomic rate. Corresponding economic impacts are projected to average a US$4,800 annual cost increase per farm. Results are also presented by ecological subregion, farm type, and farm size categories.     

抚顺市大中型水库水质富营养化现状及防治对策

对抚顺市五座水库的水体营养状态进行了评价，结果表明，有3座水库处于不同程度的中营养型，有2座水库处于不同程度的轻富营养型。分析认为水库富营养化受水库周围居民生活及集雨区内径流入库的氮磷量影响。并针对水库富营养化的机制及发展变化趋势，提出了水库富营养化的具体治理办法及促进库区经济、社会协调发展的有效途径。     

关于旅游开发区的环境影响评价问题

简要地介绍了环境影响评价的重要意义、评价分类,指出坚持环境影响评价是经济可持续发展的重要保证,并用实例说明了环境影响评价的方法及过程.     

徐州市大气PM2.5与O3作用关系的季节变化

通过2013~2017年徐州市环境监测资料分析季风影响下主要大气复合污染物PM_2.5和O₃的相关性,并基于气象观测资料进一步探究PM_2.5和O₃相互作用机制的季节变化特征.结果表明：夏季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈正相关,相关系数高达0.56;冬季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈负相关,相关系数为-0.34,均通过了99%的置信检验,表明徐州市PM_2.5和O₃相互作用呈现相反的季节变化.夏季风季节,太阳辐射强,气温较高,大气氧化性较强,O₃主导大气氧化性,大气氧化性通过促进二次颗粒物生成使得PM_2.5浓度升高,夏季风季节以O₃对PM_2.5的促进作用主导城市大气复合污染变化;冬季风季节,太阳辐射弱,气温较低,大气氧化性较弱,高浓度的PM_2.5削弱太阳辐射抑制大气光化学,导致O₃生成率降低,冬季风季节以PM_2.5对O₃的抑制作用主导城市大气复合污染变化.     

Purification of starch and phosphorus wastewater using core-shell magnetic seeds prepared by sulfated roasting

Core-shell magnetic seeds with certain adsorption capacity that were prepared by sulfated roasting, served as the core of a magnetic separation technology for purification of starch wastewater. XRD and SEM results indicate that magnetite's surface transformed to be porous α-Fe_2O_3 structure. Compared with magnetite particles, the specific surface area was significantly improved to be 8.361 from 2.591 m~2/g, with little decrease in specific susceptibility. Zeta potential, FT-IR and XPS experiments indicate that both phosphate and starch adsorbed on the surface of the core-shell magnetic seeds by chemical adsorption, which fits well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The porous surface structure of magnetic seeds significantly contributes to the adsorption of phosphate and starch species, which can be efficiently removed to be 1.51 mg/L(phosphate) and 9.51 mg/L(starch) using magnetic separation.     

Effect of methyl tert-butyl ether on adipogenesis and glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo

Methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), as a widely used gasoline additive, is suspected of being environmentally toxic. MTBE accumulates mainly in adipose tissue, but its effect on obesity or obesity-related metabolic disorders has not been well understood yet. Therefore, we examined the effect of MTBE on the adipose function and the related metabolic processes with both 3T3-L1 cell line and C57 BL/6 J mice model. We found that exposure to MTBE at the environmental relevant concentration(100 μmol/L) could significantly induce differentiation of preadipocyte and disturb insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of mature adipocyte.The in vivo observation in male mice showed a positive correlation of visceral white adipose tissue(vWAT) expansion and cell size increase with MTBE treatment in 14 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests demonstrated that MTBE at 1000 μg/(kg·day)disturbed the systemic glucose metabolism in a gender-specific manner, which might be partly attributed to the alterations of gut microbiota community at genus level with respect to Akkermansia, Clostridium XlVb, and Megamonas. In summary, our study characterized the effect of MTBE on adipose tissue function and glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo, and revealed that systemic disorders of the glucose metabolism might be modulated by the related gut microbiota.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for mixing state characterization of individual fine particles during a haze episode in Beijing, China

The nondestructive characterization of the mixing state of individual fine particles using the traditional single particle analysis technique remains a challenge. In this study, fine particles were collected during haze events under different pollution levels from September 5 to 11 2017 in Beijing, China. A nondestructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique was employed to investigate the morphology, chemical composition, and mixing state of the multiple components in the individual fine particles. Optical image and SERS spectral analysis results show that soot existing in the form of opaque material was predominant during clear periods (PM_2.5 ≤ 75 µg/m³). During polluted periods (PM_2.5 > 75 µg/m³), opaque particles mixed with transparent particles (nitrates and sulfates) were generally observed. Direct classical least squares analysis further identified the relative abundances of the three major components of the single particles: soot (69.18%), nitrates (28.71%), and sulfates (2.11%). A negative correlation was observed between the abundance of soot and the mass concentration of PM_2.5. Furthermore, mapping analysis revealed that on hazy days, PM_2.5 existed as a core-shell structure with soot surrounded by nitrates and sulfates. This mixing state analysis method for individual PM_2.5 particles provides information regarding chemical composition and haze formation mechanisms, and has the potential to facilitate the formulation of haze prevention and control policies.     

北洛河流域植物多样性地理格局与环境关系

通过野外调查和历史文献及标本统计分析,确定并分析北洛河流域种子植物信息数据.结果表明：该区共有种子植物123科581属1671种,占黄土高原种子植物的83.67%、67.24%、51.83%,集中分布于大型科（>50种）、较大科（21~50种）和单种属（1种）、小型属（2~5种）内.11个干流流经的地理单元植物相似性聚类分为5组,较早分离的是黄龙县,最大类因子午岭山脉连接而包含4个地理单元（富县、合水县、宜君县、黄陵县）.富县、合水县和黄龙县植物丰富度SD值最高,洛川县、华池县和甘泉县SD值最低.该区地理成分在属级水平上有15个分布区类型16个变型,以温带分布及其变型为主（287属,占49.40%）,并与热带分布及其变型联系紧密（115属,占19.79%）,植物丰富度SD值与温带成分显著正相关;黄陵县、洛川县、黄龙县R/T值最高,热带性质最强,华池县、定边县R/T值最低,热带性质最弱.R/T值受海拔影响,随温度和降水从东南向西北递减.该区植物起源古老,分化程度高,物种多样性丰富,地理成分复杂,是重要的植物种质资源库.植物物种多样性地带性格局过渡性明显,体现出这些类群的生态位需求.需加强保护该区原生环境和植物,合理开发利用,可选择6大优势科（菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科、唇形科和毛茛科）中适地适树适草的物种（温带性质）,进行植被恢复和水土流失治理.     

Multiple effects of nitrate amendment on the transport, transformation and bioavailability of antimony in a paddy soil-rice plant system

Nitrate (NO₃^?) is known to be actively involved in the processes of mineralization and heavy metal transformation; however, it is unclear whether and how it affects the bioavailability of antimony (Sb) in paddy soils and subsequent Sb accumulation in rice. Here, the effects of NO₃^? on Sb transformation in soil-rice system were investigated with pot experiments over the entire growth period. Results demonstrated that NO₃^? reduced Sb accumulation in brown rice by 15.6% compared to that in the control. After amendment with NO₃^?, the Sb content in rice plants increased initially and then gradually decreased (in roots by 46.1%). During the first 15 days, the soil pH increased, the oxidation of Sb(III) and sulfides was promoted, but the reduction of iron oxide minerals was inhibited, resulting in the release of adsorbed and organic-bound Sb from soil. The microbial arsenite-oxidizing marker gene aoxB played an important role in Sb(III) oxidation. From days 15 to 45, after NO₃^? was partially consumed, the soil pH decreased, and the reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-bearing minerals was enhanced; consequently, iron oxide-bound Sb was transformed into adsorbed and dissolved Sb species. After day 45, NO₃^? was completely reduced, Sb(V) was evidently reduced to Sb(III), and green rust was generated gradually. Thus, the available Sb decreased due to its enhanced affinity for iron oxides. Moreover, NO₃^? inhibited the reductive dissolution of iron minerals, which ultimately caused low Sb availability. Therefore, NO₃^? can chemically and biologically reduce the Sb availability in paddy soils and alleviate Sb accumulation in rice. This study provides a potential strategy for decreasing Sb accumulation in rice in the Sb-contaminated sites.