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941.
阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对酞酸酯类化合物增溶性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对六种酞酸酯类化合物(五种脂肪链酞酸酯和一种苯基酞酸酯)进行了增溶性实验.结果表明,在表观浓度(Cs)小于临界胶速浓度(CMC)时,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对四种酞酸酯(DMP和DPhP除外)有一定程度的增溶作用;当Cs大于CMC时,对六种化合物的增溶性显著增强.其增溶性(St/Sw)随Cs增大而线性递增:当Cs<CMC时,St/Sw=a+Kmn·Cs,r>0.90,n=5;当Cs>CMC时,St/Sw=a+Kmc·Cs,r>0.99,n=5. 各化合物增溶系数随各自固有水溶性(Sw)减小而增大(苯基酞酸酯有所反常),lgKmn和lgKmc与各自lgl/Sw具有良好的线性正相关性.本文进一步对增溶机理进行了分析解释. 相似文献
942.
For biofilters treating waste gases containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs), biomass accumulation is a common problem which will induce bed clogging and significant decrease in VOCs removal efficiency during long-term operation. In this study, ozone injection was developed as a biomass control strategy, and its effects on the biofilter performance and the microbial community structure were investigated in long-term operation. Two biofilters,identified as BF1 and BF2, were operated continuously for 160 days treating gaseous toluene under the same conditions, except that 200 mg/m3 ozone was continuously injected into BF1 during days 45–160. During the operation period, ozone injection did not change the toluene removal efficiency, while the pressure drop of BF1 with ozone injection was significantly lowered compared with BF2. The wet biomass accumulation rate of BF1 was 11 g/m~3/hr, which was only46% of that in BF2. According to the carbon balance result, ozone injection also increased the toluene mineralization rate from 83% to 91%, which could be an important reason for the low biomass accumulation. The PMA-q PCR result indicated that ozone injection increased the microbial viability of the biofilm. The high-throughput sequencing result also revealed that the dominant phyla and genera were not changed significantly by ozone injection, but some ozonetolerant genera such as Rhodanobacter, Dokdonella and Rhodococcus were enhanced by ozone exposure. All the results verified that ozone injection is capable of sustaining the long-term performance of biofilters by lowering the biomass accumulation, increasing the microbial viability and changing the microbial community structure. 相似文献
943.
Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific mortality in Wuhan, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qian Z He Q Lin HM Kong L Liao D Yang N Bentley CM Xu S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(7):785-793
In Asia, limited studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Our previous studies in Wuhan, China, demonstrated long-term air pollution effects. However, no study has been conducted to determine mortality effects of air pollution in this region. This study was to determine the acute mortality effects of the gaseous pollutants in Wuhan, a city with 7.5 million permanent residents during the period from 2000 to 2004. There are approximately 4.5 million residents in Wuhan who live in the city's core area of 201 km2, where air pollution levels are highest, and pollution ranges are wider than the majority of the cities in the published literature. We used the generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. We found consistent NO2 effects on mortality with the strongest effects on the same day. Every 10-microg/m3 increase in NO2 daily concentration on the same day was associated with an increase in nonaccidental (1.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1.99%), cardiovascular (1.65%; 95% CI: 0.87-2.45%), stroke (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.56-2.43%), cardiac (1.77%; 95% CI: 0.44-3.12%), respiratory (2.23%; 95% CI: 0.52-3.96%), and cardiopulmonary mortality (1.60%; 95% CI: 0.85-2.35%). These effects were stronger among the elderly than among the young. Formal examination of exposure-response curves suggests no-threshold linear relationships between daily mortality and NO2, where the NO2 concentrations ranged from 19.2 to 127.4 microg/m3. SO2 and O3 were not associated with daily mortality. The exposure-response relationships demonstrated heterogeneity, with some curves showing nonlinear relationships for SO2 and O3. We conclude that there is consistent evidence of acute effects of NO2 on mortality and suggest that a no-threshold linear relationship exists between NO2 and mortality. 相似文献
944.
Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai, China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Shi G Chen Z Xu S Zhang J Wang L Bi C Teng J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):251-260
A detailed investigation was conducted to understand the contamination characteristics of a selected set of potentially toxic metals in Shanghai. The amount of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni were determined from 273 soil/dust samples collected within urban area. The results indicated that concentration of all metals except Ni in soils was significant, and metal pollution was even severer in roadside dust. A series of metal spatial distribution maps were created through geostatistical analysis, and the pollution hotspots tended to associate with city core area, major road junctions, and the regions close to industrial zones. In attempt of identifying the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from traffic contaminants; soil Ni was associated with natural concentration; Cd largely came from point-sourced industrial pollution; and Cr, Ni in dust were mainly related to atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
945.
Introduction
The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of Cu contamination on the above-mentioned biochemical and physiological parameters in order to explore possible prevention strategies against heavy metal stress.Materials and methods
Effects of copper (Cu) on the roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. were studied after 10 days of treatment at five concentration levels. The accumulation of Cu, the generation rate of O2 ·?C, the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and polyamines, as well as the activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in the roots were measured and analyzed.Results and discussion
It was observed that endogenous Cu content increased in roots of S. sagittifolia L. in a concentration-dependent manner, along with an increased production of O2 ·?C. TBARS content increased progressively up to 5 ??mol l?1 Cu. A constant increase in ADC activity was also observed. The results indicated that lower Cu concentrations (2.5 and 5 ??mol l?1, respectively) had greater enhancing effect on the contents of free Put and perchloric acid-soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) putrescine (Put), while Cu treatments at different concentration levels had similar enhancing effect on the content of perchloric acid-insoluble bound Put. In total, Put content in each Cu-treated group was higher than that in the control group. PAO activity was inhibited up to 10 ??mol l?1 Cu but enhanced at higher Cu concentrations (20 and 40 ??mol l?1). This explained the initial rise and subsequent decline of the contents of all forms of spermine (Spm), free and PS-conjugated spermidine (Spd). However, with the increase of Cu concentration, total Spm content increased gradually while total Spd content decreased. Our results suggest that Cu is phytotoxic to the roots of S. sagittifolia L. at high concentrations, and that the increased Spm level is not sufficient to resist Cu-induced oxidative damages. 相似文献946.
城镇杂用再生水的水质安全评价关键指标探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
污水再生利用是解决中国淡水资源短缺的有效途径,再生水的水质安全问题一直以来受到广泛关注.以城镇杂用再生水的水质安全为目标,从再生水中残留的化学污染物和病原微生物出发,通过全面分析污染物在回用过程中危害人体健康和生态环境的可能途径,结合当前国内外城镇杂用水的水质标准,提出了包括综合毒性指标、生物学指标、可吸附有机卤化物指标、挥发性有机物指标等在内的城镇杂用再生水水质安全评价关键指标. 相似文献
947.
将B-P网络原理与逐步聚类分析思想相结合,用于环境测点聚类优选。该方法用于水清河几个监测断面的优选结果是符合客观实际的。 相似文献
948.
949.
950.
通过对2006年7月- 2007年6月云南地闪定位网探测资料和玉溪大气电场仪资料分析,研究了高原晴天大气电场和雷暴天气过程的电场演变特征.结果表明:高原晴天大气电场具有明显的日变化和月变化特征.低纬高原地区雷暴云具有偶极性和三极性两种结构,但大多数雷暴具有偶极性电荷结构,不同电荷结构的雷暴云的放电特征不同,偶极性时主要为负地闪,地闪活动较活跃;三极性时主要是正地闪,地闪活动较少.根据雷暴云近地面电场变化特征,探讨了大气电场仪预警地闪的方法,首次提出极性变化预警法,其命中率和提前预警时间都明显优于阈值预警法. 相似文献