Fast screening compositions of PM2.5 by ATR-FTIR: Comparison with results from IC andOC/EC analyzers

Chemical speciation of fine particles or PM_(2.5) collected on filters is still a costly and timeconsuming task. In this study, filter-based PM_(2.5) samples were collected during November–December 2013 at four sites in Guangzhou, and the major components were fast screened(~7 min per filter sample) by Attenuated Total Reflectance(ATR)-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic(FTIR) in comparison with that measured by Organic carbon/Element carbon(OC/EC) analyzer and Ion Chromatography(IC). The concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, sulfate,primary organic carbon(POC) and secondary organic carbon(SOC) measured by OC/EC and IC analyzers were better correlated with their infrared absorption peak heights at 1320 cm~(-1) for nitrate, 1435, 3045 and 3215 cm~(-1) for ammonium, 615 cm~(-1) for sulfate, 690, 760 and 890 cm~(-1) for POC and 1640 and 1660 cm~(-1) for SOC respectively, during polluted days(PM_(2.5) 75 μg/m~3) than during clean days(PM_(2.5)≤ 75 μg/m~3). With the evolution of a haze episode during our field campaign, the concentrations of the major PM_(2.5) components displayed consistent variations with their infrared absorption peak heights, suggesting ATR-FTIR could be a fast and useful technique to characterize filter-based PM_(2.5) compositions particularly during pollution events although cautions should be taken when PM_(2.5) levels are low. Notably, elevated PM_(2.5) mass concentrations occurred with enhanced ratios of [NO_(-3)]/[SO_4~(2-)] and [NH~(+4)]/[SO_4~(2-)], implying that nitrogenous components play vital roles in the PM_(2.5) pollution events in the study region.     

二氧化钛光催化降解甲醛反应动力学研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体，应用溶胶一凝胶法制备TiO2粉体和负载TiO2薄膜，考察了不同活化温度和活化时间对TiO2光催化降解甲醛性能的影响，并对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的反应动力学进行了研究。试验结果表明，在活化温度450℃、活化时间5h条件下，所得TiO2粉体及薄膜的光催化活性较好。不同初始浓度下甲醛光催化降解率与时间关系的动力学研究表明，一级反应动力学模型与试验数据拟合较好，方差R^2大于或等于0．99。     

钻井废液-废水处理一体化设备的研究及应用

介绍了钻井清洁生产的核心设备——钻井废液-废水处理一体化设备的原理、流程和处理效果。实践证明,用这种一体化设备处理普通聚合物钻井液体系产生的钻井废液时,设备排水质量可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》(一级标准或二级标准);当用于处理高温深井聚合物-磺酸盐复杂钻井液体系产生的钻井废液时,除了COD外, 排出水的主要水质指标可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》(二级标准)。用该设备处理后的泥渣含水率低于55%,泥渣体积减少了88%。     

Comparison of larval development and growth of the sea cucumberActinopyga echinites: Ovary-induced ova and DTT-induced ova

AdultActinopyga echinites (Jaeger) were collected from northern Taiwan in September 1989. Oocytes were induced to mature by bathing them in ovary juice (ovary-induced ova) or in 10^–2 M dithiothreitol (DTT-induced ova). The percentage of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) increased from 0.4 to 6.4% in the former treatment and to 84% in the latter. After artificial fertilization, the embryos were cultured in seawater (35 S) at 25 to 28°C. Larvae were fed with the algaIsochysis aff.galbana at 10^4–5 cells/ml. Larvae from ovary-induced ova developed faster (18 d to the doliolaria stage) and grew to a larger size (1.13 mm length) than those from DTT-induced ova (20 d to the doliolaria stage and 0.62 mm in length). On the twelfth day, larvae from ovary-induced ova bear lipid spheres. The number of spheres is positively correlated with larval size. Lipid spheres may provide nutrient reserves for larvae during metamorphosis.     

环保经济发展趋势判断与方式改进研究

近几年,环保经济成为中国经济社会可持续发展的必然趋势和内在要求。但由于中国环保经济起步晚,在发展过程中逐渐显露出许多问题,阻碍了环保经济发展步伐,因此针对这些问题,对其进行了改进,以期实现环境与经济和谐发展。为充分发挥环保经济优势,对其发展趋势进行了判断,并分析发展过程中出现的问题,针对这些问题,对其进行改进。然后利用熵值法对某市在实施方法改进后的环保经济发展情况进行实证研究,结果表明:在实施方法改进后,某市的环保经济发展水平得到了极大的提高,方法改进具有一定的成效。     

广西钦州湾近岸海域“十一·五”期间营养盐变化趋势分析及污染控制重点

通过2006年-2010年N、P、Si数据分析广西钦州湾海域N、P、Si的变化趋势、富营养化状况以及限制因子。分析表明:钦州外湾DIN、DIP、SiO3-Si含量呈波浪形变化并有所下降,钦州外湾2006年-2010年均为贫营养,外湾海水水质良好。茅尾海DIN值含量较高,海域受到N的影响。茅尾海2006年-2010年为轻度～中度富营养。茅尾海属于磷中等限制富营养,磷酸盐仅表现为相对不足,仍然有爆发赤潮的危险。控制茅尾海富营养化的关键在于控制磷的入海量。     

中国排污权交易制度的实现条件研究

排污权交易目前在中国非常受重视,但其中也存在一些问题,主要是企业和政府尚没有处理好经济发展和环境保护的关系,也存在着制度设置不合理的问题。今后应重视排污权交易中的内部和外部条件的建设。内部条件主要有排污总量的确定和排污许可证的发放,外部条件主要包括政府加强环境执法力度和提供有效的排污信息。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硝装置的仿真设计研究

文章以选择性催化还原法(SCR)烟气脱硝系统为研究对象,通过对系统工艺特点和反应机理的研究,建立了一系列仿真数学模型,并以这些模型为基础,设计开发了SCR烟气脱硝系统的仿真设计软件。软件最终编译成可安装的应用软件包,能够脱离开发环境在Windows系统下独立运行。     

气质联用法测定空气中挥发性有机物的方法研究

通过美国Entech公司Summa罐采集大气样品,7100型大气预浓缩系统提取和富集样品中的挥发性有机物,省去了繁琐的有机物提取和净化工序,避免和有机溶剂接触,将样品直接输入气质联机进行分析。利用这种方法定性分析了某油罐区的大气成分,结果表明该地区大气中含有成分复杂的环己烷、苯和萘的衍生物,这些化合物的浓度远远大于居民区同类化合物的含量。     

大学生地震灾害风险认知调查

风险认知是人们对影响日常生活和工作的各种因素的心理感受和认识,是测量公众心理恐慌的指标。开展风险认知社会调查,研究大学生对灾害风险的认知特征及其主要影响因素,不仅有利于强化大学生的地震灾害意识,而且还能为政府的综合防灾减灾规划和地震灾害管理提供决策依据。选择桂林市5所不同类型的高校进行问卷调查,通过统计分析675份有效...