硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)污泥固定化技术污泥选择的研究

以某污水厂的氧化沟污泥和剩余污泥为培养对象,获得了SRB占优的厌氧污泥,分析了活性污泥厌氧驯化过程中微生物的分布规律,考察了不同种类SRB污泥固定化小球处理水中硫酸根、锌及镉的效果.结果表明:pH6.0～7.0,温度35℃,硫酸盐浓度4g/L,时间在24h时,剩余污泥固定化小球处理含Zn(II)400mg/L的废水,去除率达到100%,氧化沟污泥固定化小球Zn(II)的去除率为90%左右;对500mg/L含镉废水,剩余污泥固定化小球8h能去除水中95?(II),氧化沟污泥固定化小球对Cd(II)的去除率为80%.硫酸盐还原菌污泥固定化技术中剩余污泥优于氧化沟污泥.     

Cause of PM2.5 pollution during the 2016-2017 heating season in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang, China

To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm, PM_2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain (specifically Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang), water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution, from November 15, 2016 to March 15, 2017. The results showed extreme severity of PM_2.5 pollution on a regional scale. Secondary inorganic ions (SNA, i.e., NO₃^?+SO₄²+ NH₄⁺) dominated the water-soluble ions, accounting for 30%-40% of PM_2.5, while the total carbon (TC, i.e., OC + EC) contributed to 26.5%-30.1% of PM_2.5 in the three cities. SNA were mainly responsible for the increasing PM_2.5 pollution compared with organic matter (OM). NO₃^? was the most abundant species among water-soluble ions, but SO₄^2- played a much more important role in driving the elevated PM_2.5 concentrations. The relative humidity (RH) and its precursor SO₂ were the key factors affecting the formation of sulfate. Homogeneous reactions dominated the formation of nitrate which was mainly limited by HNO₃ in ammonia-rich conditions. Secondary formation and regional transport from the heavily polluted region promoted the growth of PM_2.5 concentrations in the formation stage of PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. Regional transport or local emissions, along with secondary formation, made great contributions to the PM_2.5 pollution in the evolution stage of PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. The favourable meteorological conditions and regional transport from a relatively clean region both favored the diffusion of pollutants in all three cities.     

基于层次分析法的阅海湖水生态承载力评价

为了探明阅海湖水生态承载力状况与变化趋势,作者在2015-2017年冬(1月)、春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)采集阅海湖水样和水生生物样本,测定高锰酸盐指数等10个水质指标、水生生物密度指标,计算生物多样性指数,构建水生态承载力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法建立层次结构模型,从水生态支持力和水环境压力2个方面来综合评价阅海湖的水生态承载力。结果显示:(1)阅海湖压力指数、承载指数和水生态承载力指数变化规律相同,季节性变化显著,均为夏季最大,冬季最小;(2)阅海湖夏季为较高压、低承载状态,冬季为低压、弱承载状态;(3)2015-2017年阅海湖水生态承载力指数分别为:0.32、0.34、0.33。阅海湖水生态承载能力整体呈弱可承载状况,生态系统抗外界干扰能力和自我恢复能力有待提高,氮是影响阅海湖水生态承载力最重要的指标,应从源头上减少氮等营养盐进入湖泊。     

Toxicity of copper, lead, and cadmium on the motility of two marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis chui

Computer assisted movement tracking was used to characterize the motility of two marine microalgae, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis chui, and to investigate the toxicity of Cu, Pb, and Cd on motile percentage, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, straight line velocity, linearity, straightness, and wobble. Except for motile percentage, all other motility parameters di ered significantly between I. galbana and T. chui. Based on relative motile percentage data, the median e ective concentration (EC50) of Cu on the motility of I. galbana and T. chui was 31.4 and 1.3 mol/L, respectively, while for Pb it was 37.8 and 10.9 mol/L and for Cd it was 121.6 and 37.8 mol/L, respectively. Compared to I. galbana, T. chui was more sensitive to all tested metals. The toxic e ect of the heavy metals on motility exhibited the following decreasing order for both species: Cu > Pb > Cd. Our results indicate that I. galbana and T. chui motility is sensitive to heavy metals and can be used as an indicator for toxicology bioassays.     

Human hair as a potential biomonitor for assessing persistent organic pollutants

To explore human biomonitor of persistent organic pollutants (POP) for public health risk assessment, extractable organohalogens (EOX), extractable persistent organohalogens (EPOX) and some selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in children hair from urban and rural regions of Beijing, China, were measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results indicated that about 96% of the total halogens existed as water-soluble polar compounds; about 25 to 50% of EOX were sulfuric acid-resistant EPOX; organochlorines were the major fraction of the organohalogens; and 88 to 99.6% of extractable persistent organochlorines (EPOCl) cannot be attributed to the selected OCP and PCB. HCH, DDT and 2-5CB were the major contributors to hair OCP and PCB. Further, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and PCB-52 were the predominant individuals of HCH, DDT and 2-5CB, respectively. The concentration distributions of EPOCl, HCH, DDT and PCB in children hair were generally in the order of urban>rural and girls>boys, except for PCB congeners with random distributions between genders. Pearson positive correlations between hair lipid and the detected parameters of hair gamma-HCH (p<0.01), DDT (p<0.01), EOCl (p<0.05), as well as EPOCl (p<0.05) were observed. Also, the ratios of hair alpha/gamma and p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT suggested that fresh input of HCH and DDT might exist in Beijing area. Hair can reflect body's integral exposure to POP from endogenous and exogenous sources, which, thus, can be used as a potential biomonitor in assessing POP exposure for public health purposes.     

SO2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

The SO₂ emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories, which are city, industry, point sources, and area sources. The CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit, and consequently obtain an influence-transferring matrix. To ensure that the SO₂ concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards, an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development scenarios. The result showed the optimal emissions of SO₂ by different provinces and industries. To achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development, corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.     

企业开展清洁生产审核实践与分析——以某卷烟厂为例

清洁生产审核是企业实现清洁生产最为有力和高效的工具之一,如今已广泛应用于各行各业。某卷烟厂结合自身清洁生产工作现状,采用清洁生产审核思路和程序,在审核过程中查找生产的薄弱环节,从生产的各个方面系统分析问题及其产生原因,并提出、实施了系列针对性清洁生产方案。该卷烟厂开展清洁生产审核的实践证明,清洁生产审核为企业走可持续发展道路奠定了坚实的基础,是企业实现环境效益和经济效益的双赢必由之路。     

气固再循环半干法烧结机烟气脱硫工艺中几个问题的探讨

阐述了烧结机烟气脱硫的必要性,分析了采用的主要脱硫工艺及特点,介绍了气固再循环半干法脱硫工艺(GSCA)及其技术特点。结合邯钢的运行实际,分析了该工艺存在的问题,提出了解决的办法,为该工艺的稳定高效运行提供了参考。     

玉米淀粉废水的处理技术

本文介绍玉米淀粉废水的特性,废水处理工艺路线,工艺设计中应着重考虑的问题及设计参数的选择。     

Assessing the GHG mitigation effect of the National VI Emissions Standard for light duty vehicles in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Assessing the mitigation effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of the National VI Emissions Standard bears great significance in enhanced actions...