不同材料固定香菇废弃菌柄对铅和镉的吸附

研究了用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA),海藻酸钠(SA)和琼脂三种材料固定香菇(Lentinus edodes)废弃菌柄制作成吸附小球的理化特性,初步比较了三种小球和自由菌粉的吸附能力,在此基础上进一步分析了PVA-SA香菇小球吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的动力学。结果表明,PVA-SA香菇小球的成球性,机械强度和耐酸性最好。固定小球的吸附能力比自由菌粉的有所下降,以Cd的吸附率降低幅度较大,PVA-SA香菇小球和SA香菇小球对Pb的吸附率降低幅度较小,吸附率分别为92.4%和92.7%,对Cd的吸附率分别为55.9%和58.66%。伪二级动力学模型能够很好的拟合固定小球对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附的动力学过程,相关系数R2分别为0.9999和0.9904,由伪二级动力学方程得到的Pb2+和Cd2+理论平衡吸附量qe分别为0.4926和0.1448mg/g,跟实验测定获得的数据0.4635mg/g和0.1423mg/g相近。     

绿化带下的生态复合塘污水处理工艺设计

工程旨在探讨生态复合塘作为污水处理工艺,以实现城乡污水处理的多元化与可持续性目标。文章以蓟县毛家峪长寿度假村为例,结合混凝沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、快速渗滤湿地、潜流湿地和表面流湿地等技术,从工艺设计及其关键设计参数出发,在防治系统堵塞、冰冻、油渍及渗漏的基础上,创造性地将人工湿地同绿化带相结合,解决了生态塘占地面积大的问题。工程的预期结果:该技术工艺设计可使出水达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8978-2002)一类A级水平、农田灌溉和城乡杂用水的用水标准,各类污染物去除率分别为SS(mg/L)87.5%～96.7%,BOD5(mg/L)93.3%,COD(mg/L)61.5%～84.8%,TP(mg/L)50%～91.7%,NH3-N(mg/L)最高达87.5%。该设计实现了污水处理与绿化、节地的有机统一,可根据实际情况在机关、企事业单位和住宅小区推广应用。     

人工快速渗滤系统治理暴雨径流污染研究

土地处理技术是一项简单高效的污水处理技术,试验利用人工快速渗滤系统对武汉动物园暴雨径流进行了治理研究。试验结果表明,除总悬浮颗粒外各水质指标都达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准,具有良好的污水深度处理能力。系统对水量的削减较显著,在22.1cm/d的高水力负荷下,削减率达59.5%。     

失效锂离子电池有机物真空脱除和浸出研究

文章采用真空蒸发热处理的方法脱除废弃失效的锂离子电池中的有机物,加热温度为220~500℃,真空炉内压力150Pa,恒温处理时间1h。除有机物被脱除外,当处理温度为280℃时形成了CoO和Li2CO3。温度升高至350℃时,主要的物相为LiCoO2、CoO、Co3O4和Co,以及少量Li2CO3。在超声场中将电极材料与铝、铜箔集流体分离,然后分别用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液和氨性溶液处理电极材料。当用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液浸出经280℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素基本被浸出。而用氨性溶液浸出经350℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素的浸出率很低。为了提高钴的浸出率,真空热处理的温度应介于280~350℃之间。     

广西大新锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价

文章对广西大新锰矿区的土壤进行了调查研究,通过对矿区土壤中重金属元素(Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd、Mn)含量的系统测定,运用地积累指数法对矿区土壤重金属污染进行初步评价。结果表明:矿区各采样区受到重金属污染严重,其中精矿堆和尾矿区最为严重。就各元素的污染程度来看,Mn和Cd的污染级别达到6级,污染程度为极严重污染,Zn、Pb、Cu为中等污染。各重金属污染程度排序为:MnCdZnCuPbCr。     

江南某污水厂A-A2/O工艺生物脱氮运行过程研究

污水厂采用A-A2/O工艺,采取对回流污泥预反硝化及分段进水的方法.TN平均去除率为63.2%,出水达标率为57.2%,出水TN不稳定,去除率低,达标率低.好氧池硝化效果好,污泥反硝化池没有发挥其作用,缺氧池反硝化不彻底.建议适当的增加污泥反硝化池进水碳源和停留时间;把好氧池的前段改做缺氧池;适当的降低好氧池曝气量;通过实验调试,确定最佳的硝化液回流量.     

滇池北岸典型农区韭菜田大气氮湿沉降与氮挥发研究

选择滇池北岸大清河下游典型农区韭菜田为对象,对雨水进行化学分析,研究了2007年大气氮湿沉降通量及其动态变化,并通过田间试验观测了地表(韭菜地土壤、韭菜废弃物原位腐解、沟渠污水)的氨氮挥发.结果表明,全年大气湿沉降氮(以N计)7.1kg/hm2,其中雨季(4～9月份)占89%.韭菜一次基施尿素(以N计)276kg/hm2,35d累计氨挥发占施氮量的32%,其中前9d氨挥发占总氨挥发96%.韭菜残体腐解21d累计氮挥发占植株氮23%.含氮7～51mg/L的污水(其中氨氮2.7～25.8mg/L)露天放置12d,水体总氮的27%～38%挥发进入大气.可见,韭菜田氮挥发是该地大气氮重要来源之一.     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

硅橡胶平板复合膜萃取处理含酚废水的分离性能

 采用一种新的硅橡胶平板复合膜[聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) /聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)]处理含酚废水,考察了流量、萃取液pH 值、料液浓度、系统温度、盐离子浓度对总传质系数(Kov)的影响.结果表明, 随料液流量增加,Kov 增大,当料液流量＞400mL/min 时,Kov 基本不变;当萃取液pH 值＞11 时,增大pH 值对Kov 影响不大, 当pH 值为12.5~13.0 时,萃取液浓度变化对Kov 无影响;料液浓度增加,使传质动力增强,从而加强了传质,但当料液浓度达到5g/L 时,Kov与其初始浓度无关; Kov随液相温度增加而线性增大; 离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,影响传质过程.     

Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propranol (AMP) was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO_2 absorbent. The CO_2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts (HSS) could cause a reduction in CO_2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).