经济发达地区镇域农村居民点演变驱动力空间差异研究

采用Logistic回归分析法、对比分析法等，以地处经济发达地区的陆渡镇及浏河镇为例，从镇域尺度探讨农村居民点演变驱动机理及其空间差异。结果显示：（1）两镇农村居民点减少的一般因素中农民人均纯收入、人均居民点面积均具有正向作用，到城镇的距离具有负向作用，3者作用大小具有区域差异，农村工业发展及到公路的距离对不同地区作用方向不同；而粮食产量仅对陆渡镇有负向作用；（2）两镇农村居民点增加的一般因素中农民人均纯收入、农业发展均具有正向作用，而到公路的距离、基本农田则具有负向作用，4者作用方向及程度排序一致；而除一般因素及到城镇的距离外的其他因素均为特殊因素。研究表明，农村居民点变化驱动力及其作用程度与方向具有区域差异性；为优化农村居民点布局，应把握不同地区农村居民点演变驱动力机理的空间差异，制定差别化政策措施     

Bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp in a water/sediment microcosm: important role of sediment particulate matter and bioturbation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sediments are reservoirs and sources of DDTs to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the role of sediment particulate matter and benthic organisms in...     

Effects of Metsulfuron-Methyl on the Microbial Population and Enzyme Activities in Wheat Rhizosphere Soil

The effects of metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide, on the wheat soil microorganisms were evaluated by the methods of microbial inoculation culture, and the activities of three enzymes were measured using the colorimetric method. The tolerant microorganisms that can resist 500 μ g·g^?1 metsulfuron-methyl in the counting culture medium were studied specially. Metsulfuron-methyl distinctly inhibited the common aerobic heterotriphic bacteria, but the effects on common fungi and common actinomycete were not evident. In the meantime, the number of tolerant fungi increased greatly in the rhizosphere after the application of metsulfuron-methyl in contrast to the significant decrease of the amount of tolerant actinomycete. It indicates that fungi might turn into the dominant microbial type and actinomycete is the sensitive factor in the soil polluted by sulfonylurea residues. The population of aromatic compounds–decomposing bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, and nitrite bacteria all increased in the earlier period, but the aerobic azotobacter decreased rapidly in number 30 days later, and the amount of nitrite bacteria also showed a temporary decrease with time 15 days later. However, the denitrifying bacteria just began to increase significantly after the crops had grown for 50 days. The amount of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gradually decreased with the growth of crops, and so were the sulfate-reducing bacteria after metsulfuron-methyl application. To all types of microorganisms, there were more microbes in rhizosphere samples than those in nonrhizosphere except aerobic azotobacter. It means the growth of wheat root system can stimulate the growth of most microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in soil samples after metsulfuron-methyl application were notably lower than those in the control, and the difference of the activities between the samples of rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was evident. On the contrary, the activity of dehydrogenase was not inhibited by the application of metsulfuron-methyl, and the rhizosphere effect was not obvious either.     

一株高效产絮菌的筛选、絮凝条件优化及对重金属废水处理性能研究

从活性污泥、水体底泥、植物根系土壤和草莓种植土壤中筛选、分离、纯化,获得了高絮凝活性的菌株,并考察发酵液用量、助凝剂用量以及碳、氮源种类对絮凝活性的影响及菌株对实际重金属废水的絮凝作用。结果表明:以葡萄糖为碳源,酵母膏为氮源,菌体发酵液用量0.2 m L,助凝剂用量0.8 m L时,菌株QB1的絮凝性最高,可达到93%。其对多种重金属废水均具有较好的处理性能,对含铅废水的去除率最高可达99%以上。     

流溪河水体有机氯农药的生态风险评价

通过检测流溪河水体18个采样点水样中的有机氯农药浓度,构建了淡水生物对有机氯农药的物种敏感性分布,并计算出各类水生生物的HC5(Hazardous Concentration for 5%the Species)值,预测了不同浓度有机氯农药对生物的潜在影响比例(Potential Affected Fraction,PAF),最后采用商值概率分布法对流溪河水体的有机氯农药进行了生态风险评价.结果表明:流溪河水体中的有机氯农药浓度在216.41~389.70 ng·L-1之间,平均值为293.02 ng·L-1;甲体六六六(α-BHC)的HC5值最高,而硫丹硫酸酯和p,p'-滴滴滴(p,p'-DDD)对全部物种的HC5值均低于0.10μg·L-1,对生态系统的影响较大;当污染物的浓度达到0.50μg·L-1时,除甲体六六六、七氯之外,其余9种有机氯农药对全部物种的PAF值均超过了5%的阈值;除硫丹Ⅱ外,其余10种有机氯农药均具有潜在的生态风险;在假定保护95%物种的情况下,硫丹硫酸酯的生态风险最高.     

社会主义新农村建设与农村生态环境问题

社会主义新农村建设是我们党在新时期着手解决“三农”问题的重大举措，它是我国农村改革开放以来第二次重大的变革，目标明确，任务艰巨。长期以来，我国农业生产总体水平不高，为求得更多的农牧业生产量，而牺牲了生态环境，其代价异常沉重。城镇发展过渡靠农业、城乡经济二元结构矛盾日益尖锐，反应在生态环境上更为突出。治理农业生态环境问题，已成为社会主义新农村建设的重要课题。     

河南省农业自然资源可持续利用途径

农业的持续发展依赖于农业自然资源的可持续利用。根据可持续发展思想,通过分析河南省农业自然资源的现状和资源利用中存在的主要问题,作者提出了实现该省农业自然资源可持续利用的途径。     

珠江三角洲快速城市化地区生态安全研究——以佛山市为例

借助于统计学分析方法、Landsat7ETM+遥感影像解译及GIS综合评价手段,构建了相对生态压力比值REP、相对剩余生态容量值R REC及相对生态风险度指数RERI,对珠江三角洲快速城市化的典型城市佛山市进行了区域开发的生态承载力分析及生态风险度评价,揭示了佛山市域的生态安全总体态势及问题成因;并从区域可持续发展角度提出应重视在区域开发中尽可能科学合理地维护林地、湿地、农田、城市防护林带等自然及半自然景观要素的系统性与连续性,从宏观尺度上引导城市集聚并对城市化的不良生态后果予以积极预防和有效调控,从而降低城镇化的生态风险。     

“绿水青山就是金山银山”

正十八大以来,习近平总书记立足中国发展实际,提出绿水青山就是金山银山(以下简称"两山"论),把环境、生态纳入了"生产力"范畴,破解了发展中环境、生态与生产力的关系这一难题。"两山"论是马克思主义中国化的最新成果,标志着我们党在如何建设社会主义,建设一个什么样的社会主义这一重大理论问题上认识更加明确和清醒。"两山"论既是实现生态文明建设的理论指导,也是转变经济增长方式的方向指引,更是经济社会可持续发展的实施纲领。     

自动控制在污水处理系统中的应用及优化

根据水处理行业的特点,介绍了自动控制系统在某高浓度污水处理项目中的应用,使用嵌入式系统的硬件平台实现标准PLC的功能,代替专用控制器,结构开放,开发周期短,成本低,具有良好的应用前景.