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131.
YellowRiverValleyfloodanddroughtdisaster:spatial-temporaldistributionpredictionandearly-warningGaoLin,ShaWanying,LiuHuaiquan,... 相似文献
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中国米质气候资源的地域分布 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
稻米品质受着气候条件的明显影响。在我国不同地域,米质气候资源各不相同,对米质的影响也各具特色,总的趋势是,北方优于南方;西部优于东部;晚茬口水稻优于旱茬口;在地形复杂地区,米质气候资源还具有垂直地带性结构。我国丰富的米质气候资源为各种类型优质米的生产创造出优越的环境条件。 相似文献
135.
利用生物电化学系统处理地表水时,弱电压不但会刺激电活性菌的呼吸作用,而且会引起氧化胁迫导致胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substance,EPS)过量分泌.为确认在地表水处理中弱电压对膜污染和净水效率的影响,本研究设置了外加1.0 V直流电压(记为"BES系统")和无外加电压(记为"CK系统")的两组平行对照生物活性炭-超滤系统.经过50 d的运行,BES系统(36.1 kPa)相比CK系统(19.1 kPa)跨膜压差(Trans Membrane Pressure,TMP)增加更为显著,膜污染更严重.电路电流、电极电势和循环伏安(Cyclic Voltammetry,CV)曲线显示,随着装置运行,两系统生物膜逐渐稳定,并且产生具有氧化还原活性的EPS导致阳极电容增加.相比之下,BES系统产生了更多EPS,具有更高的阳极电容.水质指标显示,BES系统中比紫外吸光度(Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance,SUVA)、NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除增强但总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)去除减弱;三维荧光光谱(Excitation-Emission-Matrix,EEM)和尺寸排阻色谱(Size Exclusion Chromatography,SEC)分析结果表明,BES系统膜池中产生了更多的生物聚合物,但腐殖质类有机物明显减少.活性炭表面EPS含量和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(Adenosine Triphosphate,ATP)含量的测试结果证实,弱电压刺激了生物膜的生长,同时增加了氧化还原活性EPS的含量.对膜表面累积多糖、蛋白质含量的测试分析进一步揭示了多糖类大分子生物聚合物在膜表面的累积是导致严重膜污染的直接原因.研究可为生物电化学系统在微污染水处理的研究和应用提供新的见解. 相似文献
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In this paper the grid data of total ozone mapping spectrograph (TOMS) installed on Nimbus-7 satellite (1978 to 1994) was used and the spatial and temporal distribution of total ozone over China was analyzed. The research indicates that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau destroyed the latitudinal distribution of total ozone of China and the low value closed center emerged over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Long time change trends of seasonal total ozone of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are provided. It shows that the most obvious decrease of total ozone occurs in winter (Jan.), then in summer (Jul.), the relevant slow change occurs in autumn (Oct.) and spring (Apr.). 相似文献
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本文就呼和浩特市生活垃圾处理处置现状提出了存在的问题,并就国内目前垃圾处置方法进行分析比对,找出适合呼和浩特市生活垃圾处理最佳方法一综合处置法,最后就实现生活垃圾综合处置提出几点建议。其目的是供决策部门作参考。 相似文献
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Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides. 相似文献
140.
Muhammad Akram Xing Xu Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Shang Yanan Rizwan Khan Muhammad Ali Inam 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):189-198
This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of , and humic acid (HA). 相似文献