模拟酸雨对菜豆叶片的伤害和Mefluidide保护效应的研究

酸雨的污染和危害已成为一个世界性的问题,我国的酸雨危害也日渐引起关注.由于酸雨所涉及到的地区不少是农作区,必然会危及农作物的产量.近年来对酸雨危害作物的机理已有报道,但关于寻求保护作物免于酸雨危害的研究则不多见.已有报道,Mefluidide(N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenylacetamide)(N-[2,4-二甲基-5-[(三氟甲基)磺酰]氨基]苯乙酰胺),一种合成的植物生长调节物质,对植物生长和发育以及物质代谢都有影响,尤其是能有效地保护低温敏感作物免于冷害,而且发现Mefluidide处理的植物,在冷害期间不表现细胞膜透性的增加.另外,有人发现pH2.0—4.0的模拟酸雨喷洒植株(青菜、菠菜和萝卜等)也会导致膜透性增加.我们以模拟酸雨引起菜豆叶片的伤害症状和一些生理指标为依据,     

水葫芦/污泥共热解法制备生物炭粒及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

为了促进水葫芦和污泥的资源化利用,探究水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒的基本理化性质及其对水中Cr3+的吸附机制,以水葫芦、污泥为原料,在300~500℃热解温度下制得生物炭粒,通过产率分析、灰分分析、比表面积和孔径分析及SEM（扫描电镜）分析,同时利用吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型对生物炭粒吸附水中Cr3+的内在机制进行研究,最后采用TCLP（毒性浸出法）测定了不同生物炭粒中重金属的浸出毒性.结果表明:随着热解温度从300℃升至500℃,生物炭粒的产率从14.93%降至11.75%,生物炭粒的灰分含量逐渐升高,比表面积增大.SEM结果显示,水葫芦与污泥质量比为1:10时,生物炭粒比表面积较大,孔隙结构明显.当水葫芦与污泥质量比为1:10、热解温度为500℃时生物炭粒对Cr3+的吸附量最大,为44.96 mg/g.热力学分析显示,生物炭粒对溶液中Cr3+的吸附以化学吸附为主,且为单层吸附.TCLP试验表明,水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒中各重金属（Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr）的浸出浓度均低于GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》的限值.研究显示,添加水葫芦能改善生物炭粒的理化性质,使得生物炭粒对Cr3+的吸附量增大,以化学吸附为主,且为单层吸附,水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒浸出毒性较低,可为生物炭类环境功能材料的研制提供选材依据.      

Wireless charging and shared autonomous battery electric vehicles (W+SABEV): synergies that accelerate sustainable mobility and greenhouse gas emission reduction

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Emerging technologies play important roles in shaping future mobility systems and impacting sustainability performance of the transportation...     

Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge

In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron (Fe(III)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(II)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO₂^-, NO₃^-, or N₂. However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(III) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found. Hence, in the present study, Fe(III) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO₂^-, and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(III) reduction (termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO₃^- and a small amount of NO₂^-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore, quantities of Fe(II) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(III) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO₂^- and NO₃^- along with the Anammox process.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮研究

垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂,其氨氮的测定干扰物质多,测定难度大.气相分子吸收光谱法是一种较为新兴的方法,通过对气相分子吸收光谱法和传统纳氏试剂分光光度法系统的比较,研究气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮的分析方法.结果表明,气相分子吸收光谱法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮操作便捷、干扰小、精密度好,中浓度与高浓度废水测定结果能较好的与纳氏试剂光度法测定结果法吻合,超低浓度废水的测定结果低于纳氏试剂分光光度法.为监测工作者分析方法的选择提供依据.     

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival

Tomato plant waste(TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS(total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic(37 ± 1°C) and room(20–25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS(volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA(volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety.     

Effect of algal flocculation on dissolved organic matters using cationic starch modified soils

Modified soils(MSs) are being increasingly used as geo-engineering materials for the sedimentation removal of cyanobacterial blooms. Cationic starch(CS) has been tested as an effective soil modifier, but little is known about its potential impacts on the treated water.This study investigated dissolved organic matters in the bloom water after algal removal using cationic starch modified soils(CS-MSs). Results showed that the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could be decreased by CS-MS flocculation and the use of higher charge density CS yielded a greater DOC reduction. When CS with the charge density of 0.052, 0.102 and0.293 meq/g were used, DOC was decreased from 3.4 to 3.0, 2.3 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively.The excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and UV254 analysis indicated that CS-MS exhibits an ability to remove some soluble organics, which contributed to the DOC reduction. However, the use of low charge density CS posed a potential risk of DOC increase due to the high CS loading for effective algal removal. When CS with the charge density of 0.044 meq/g was used, DOC was increased from 3.4 to 3.9 mg/L. This study suggested, when CS-MS is used for cyanobacterial bloom removal, the content of dissolved organic matters in the treated water can be controlled by optimizing the charge density of CS. For the settled organic matters, other measures(e.g., capping treatments using oxygen loaded materials) should be jointly applied after algal flocculation.     

客土喷播技术在秦皇岛地区生态环境恢复治理中的应用

客土喷播是上世纪90年代末期从日本引进中国的一项新型绿化技术。目前,在我国南方地区广泛应用于公路(铁路)、矿山、市政、景区等边坡绿化的生态防护工程中。结合实例介绍该项技术在秦皇岛地区的应用,对施工工艺、施工方法及注意事项作比较详细的阐述。