一氯二乙基铝装置危险源辨识及预防措施

一氯二乙基铝装置为甲类火灾危险装置。通过对一氯二乙基铝装置工艺流程及各单元工艺特点的详细分析,危险源的辨识从物料危险性、工艺过程危险性、工艺操作危险性等角度展开,从而确定出该装置的重大风险因素。在对一氯二乙基铝装置危险源辨识和分析的基础上,对各工艺单元提出相应的控制措施,预防事故发生。     

现有评价方法在油气长输管道工程安全评价中的应用

油气长输管道工程的安全评价工作正在成为新建及在役管道安全运行的保障。针对目前国内已开展的油气长输管道工程安全评价现状,结合自身安全评价工作实践,对现有评价方法在油气长输管道工程安全评价中的应用进行了讨论,并提出相应建议。     

Effect of chlorination and ultraviolet disinfection on tetA-mediated tetracycline resistance of Escherichia coli

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an emerging threat to public health during drinking water consumption and reclaimed water reuse. Several studies have shown that the proportions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in waters may increase when exposed to low doses of UV light or chlorine. In this study, inactivation of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli and antibiotic-sensitive E. coli by UV disinfection and chlorination was compared to determine the tolerance of tetracycline-resistant E. coli to UV light and chlorine, and tetracycline resistance of a tetracycline-resistant E. coli population was studied under different doses of the disinfectants. Our results showed that relative to antibiotic-sensitive E. coli, tetracycline-resistant E. coli had the same tolerance to UV light and a potentially higher tolerance to chlorination. The mortality frequency distributions of tetracycline-resistant E. coli exposed to tetracycline were shifted by both chlorination and UV disinfection. When compared to the hemi-inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of tetracycline-resistant E. coli with no exposure to UV or chlorination, the IC₅₀ of tetracycline-resistant E. coli treated with tetracycline was 40% lower when inactivation by UV light or chlorination reached 3-log but was 1.18 times greater when inactivation by chlorination reached 4.3-log. Chlorination applied to drinking water or reclaimed water treatment may increase the risk of selection for highly tetracycline-resistant E. coli.     

Accumulation and quantitative estimates of airborne lead for a wild plant (Aster subulatus)

Foliar uptake of airborne lead is one of the pathways for Pb accumulation in plant organs. However, the approximate contributions of airborne Pb to plant organs are still unclear. In the present study, aerosols (nine-stage size-segregated aerosols and total suspended particulates), a wild plant species (Aster subulatus) and the corresponding soils were collected and Pb contents and isotopic ratios in these samples were analyzed. Average concentration of Pb was 96.5 ± 63.5 ng m⁻³ in total suspended particulates (TSP) and 20.4 ± 5.5 ng m⁻³ in the fine fractions of size-segregated aerosols (SSA) (<2.1 μm), higher than that in the coarser fractions (>2.1 μm) (6.38 ± 3.71 ng m⁻³). Enrichment factors show that aerosols and soils suffered from anthropogenic inputs and the fine fractions of the size-segregated aerosols enriched more Pb than the coarse fractions. The order of Pb contents in A. subulatus was roots > leaves > stems. The linear relationship of Pb isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) among soil, plant and aerosol samples were found. Based on the simple binary Pb isotopic model using the mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in TSP and in SSA, the approximate contributions of airborne Pb into plant leaves were 72.2% and 65.1%, respectively, suggesting that airborne Pb is the most important source for the Pb accumulation in leaves. So the combination of Pb isotope tracing and the simple binary Pb isotope model can assess the contribution of airborne Pb into plant leaves and may be of interest for risk assessment of the exposure to airborne Pb contamination.     

氯消毒新工艺对大肠杆菌灭活作用的研究

研究了短时游离氯后转氯胺的联合消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活作用，并对其协同作用以及pH值和温度对协同作用的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：pH值在6．5～8范围内，温度不超过30℃时，短时游离氯后转氯胺的消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活具有协同作用，且随pH值的降低而加强，在低温下该方法的协同效果更加明显。     

关于植物中氟化物测定结果的计算

针对植物中氟化物测定时由于绘制校准曲线的标准溶液体积与分析样品的定容体积不一样而引出的结果计算时的某些问题，提出了正确的计算方法和建议。     

物元理论在区域减灾中的应用

物元分析是解决矛盾问题的规律和方法，是系统科学，思维科学和数学的交叉学科，本文通过具体的事例分析说明自然灾害研究具有发散性，可扩性，相关性的共轭性的特点，鉴于自然灾害的特性，提出了减灾工作应在传统理论研究的基础上，应用物元理论采用可拓学的方法。     

离子色谱法测定大气中的甲磺酸

建立了以玻璃纤维膜-KB120气溶胶采样器采集大气中甲磺酸的采样方法;以0.1mmol·l-1H3BO3/0.1mmol·l-1 Na2B4O7为淋洗液的甲磺酸离子色谱分析方法.分析方法的精密度和准确度分别为5%和4%.并实测了青岛冬季大气气溶胶中MSA,SO2-4和NO-3的平均浓度分别为0.10μg·m-3,30.40μg·m -3和17.98μg·m-3.     

三维土工网防护边坡整体稳定性分析

针对三维土工网护坡技术的前期阶段不断出现的边坡整体失稳现象,基于三维土工网护坡技术的作用机理,采用强度系数折减法,利用ABAQUS建立土工网防护边坡的三维有限元模型,以坡肩特征点的位移突变情况作为边坡失稳判断的标准,分别计算和比较了不同降雨条件下土工网防护边坡和不含土工网边坡的安全系数,探究了边坡失稳时坡体内部塑性区的发展情况和位移分布规律,并利用室内边坡抬升破坏试验分析比较了两种边坡的破坏抬升角度和最终破坏情况,与数值模拟分析结果进行比较。结果表明:土工三维网在一定程度上可以提高边坡的整体稳定性,但作用影响较小;降雨强度的大小对边坡稳定性的影响较为明显;在土工网和铆钉共同作用下,土工网和其覆盖的土体共同作用,呈现较好的整体性。     

脱除NOx新型吸附剂的性能测试

通过试验测试CNA－208和CNA－255两种吸附剂脱除氮氧化物（NOx）的动态吸附容量和吸附NOx前后的燃点，考察了NOx对这两种吸附剂燃性能的影响以及CNA－208用作脱除NOx吸附剂的可靠性及其替CNA－255的可行性。