低浓度软锰矿浆烟气脱硫过程中的催化作用

通过对SO2-4浓度的分析,研究了低浓度软锰矿浆烟气脱硫过程中的液相和固相催化作用.研究表明:低浓度软锰矿浆中Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)的浸出率很低(＜ 7%),致使Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)离子的液相催化作用和Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)离子间的液相协同作用不明显.该过程中实际生成的so2-4主要来自3个方面:MnO2的直接氧化还原作用,Mn(Ⅱ)的液相催化作用以及软锰矿固相组分的催化作用.其中,Mn(Ⅱ)的液相催化作用始终占据主导地位;MnO2的直接氧化还原作用与固相催化作用相比,在20 min前有明显的优势,而20 min后则几乎可以忽略不计.     

含油污泥清洗剂的制备与研究

以异丙醇为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和苯乙烯(St)为混合单体,通过溶液聚合的方法制备一种含油污泥清洗剂.介绍了该清洗剂的制备方法,考察了单体用量及清洗条件对清洗剂脱油性能的影响,探讨了清洗剂对含油污泥中原油不同组分的去除效率,并用红外光谱证实了所制备共聚物结构的官能团.清洗剂性能评价表明:单体用量和清洗条件均有最佳值,其中单体最佳质量比为MAA:BA:St=21:62:17,最佳清洗条件分别是:加药浓度为250 mg/L,水洗温度为60℃,反应时间为40 min;清洗剂对含油污泥中芳烃去除率最高,达93.0%.     

我国华北地区湿地生态需水量研究探讨与应用实例

我国华北地区湿地通常处于缺水状态.当湿地分别为"资源型缺水"和"水质型缺水"时,目前常用的几种生态需水量估算方法的适用范围是不同的.水量平衡法是较通用的方法;而水量损失法和最低水位法主要适用于资源型缺水;物质平衡法和逐年环境改良法则主要应用于污染型缺水的情况.针对不同的情况可以选取相应的估算方法.本文应用不同估算方法,对河北保定白洋淀湿地和北京顺义杨镇湿地的生态需水量进行了估算,通过估算结果间的比较,反映出白洋淀湿地面临的污染问题更严重,而杨镇湿地更亟需解决的是资源型缺水问题,使其补偿措施更有针对性,能更好地协调人与湿地生态环境问的关系.     

Enhanced uptake of As, Zn, and Cu by Vetiveria zizanioides and Zea mays using chelating agents

Vetiveria zizaniodes (vetiver) is commonly known for its effectiveness in soil and sediment erosion control. It can tolerate to extreme soil conditions and produce a high biomass even growing in contaminated areas. Zea mays (maize) can also produce a very high biomass with a fast growth rate and possesses some degree of metal tolerance. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using vetiver and maize for remediation of arsenic (As)-, zinc (Zn-), and copper (Cu)-amended soils and evaluate the effects of chelating agents on metal uptake by these plants. Vetiver had a better growth (dry weight yield of root and shoot) than maize under different treatment conditions. The effects of different chelating agents on As, Zn, and Cu extraction from soil to soil solution were studied. Among the nine chelating agents used, it was noted that 20 mmol NTA could maximize As and Zn bioavailability, while 20 mmol HEIDA could maximize Cu bioavailability in the soil solution. The surge time in maximizing metal uptake ranged from 16 to 20 days which indicated that timing on plant harvest was an important factor in enhanced metal accumulation. In general, vetiver was a more suitable plant species than maize in terms of phytoextraction of metals from metal-contaminated soil. Application of NTA in As-amended soil and HEIDA in Cu-amended soil at the rate of 20 mmol kg(-1) increased 3-4-fold of As and Cu in shoot of both plants, whereas application of NTA (20 mmol kg(-1)) increased 37- and 1.5-fold of Zn accumulation in shoot of vetiver and maize, respectively. The potential environmental risk of metal mobility caused by chelating agents used for phytoextraction should not be overlooked.     

催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水的机理与动力学研究

对催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水降解动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明，降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。进水浓度、pH值和反应温度强烈影响硝基苯的降解速率。在实验pH值范围内，反应速率常数依次为：强酸性〉弱碱性〉弱酸性〉中性；循环伏安扫描图显示了硝基苯可以在铜电极上直接得电子还原，该反应在强酸和弱碱性条件下效果较好。反应速率常数随进水浓度的增大而减小。提高反应温度可改善处理效果，在30-45℃范围内，提高温度对处理效果的改善并不显著；当温度升高到45℃以上时，升温可以显著改善处理效果。     

基于集成全相关技术的水环境治理装备设计

针对现有水环境治理装备设计开发技术存在的不足，提出了一种融合全相关技术与CAD、CAE、CAM、CAPP技术的集成一体化装备系统设计开发方案，并给出了这种集成全相关技术的初步实现方法，而且进行了射流曝气器的设计应用。这种方法有望实现水环境治理装备系统完整、可靠的设计，并缩短了设计开发周期。     

杭州市区蔬菜基地蔬菜重金属含量研究

通过对杭州市区主要蔬菜基地蔬菜中8种重金属含量监测分析与评价，结果表明，江干区蔬菜基地除茄果类蔬菜外，其他种类蔬菜中部分重金属指标均存在超标现象。下沙经济开发区蔬菜基地蔬菜中重金属含量均未超标。     

绿色设计与绿色化学设计

根据绿色设计的基本定义，特点，过程与原则，将绿色设计与传统设计与进行比较，阐述绿色化学设计的主要内容。     

Enhancement of photocatalytic oxidation of humic acid in TiO2 suspensions by increasing cation strength

This study aimed at improving the photocatalytic (PC) oxidation of humic acids (HA) in TiO2 suspensions by adding cationic ion such as calcium or magnesium. A set of tests was first conducted in the dark to study the adsorption of HA onto TiO2 in suspensions at different pH and calcium concentrations. The experiment demonstrated that the adsorption of HA onto the TiO2 particles was either pH-dependent or calcium strength-dependent due to electrostatic interaction and calcium ion bridging. The photodegradation of HA in the presence of UV irradiation was investigated as a function of pH and the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. The results showed that the adsorption behavior between HA and TiO2 played a very important role during the PC oxidation process. The PC oxidation could be enhanced at neutral pH by increasing the cation strength. The kinetics of HA PC degradation in TiO2 suspensions with different initial concentrations was also studied using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.     

铜/海泡石催化氧化CO和催化还原NOx性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备铜/海泡石催化剂,考察其催化氧化CO和催化还原NOx性能以及预处理条件和掺加稀土元素对其性能的影响,并用XRD、BET技术对其进行表征.盐酸和硝酸改性的海泡石载体都能使铜/海泡石在190℃左右将CO完全转化;稀土元素的添加对铜/海泡石催化氧化CO的活性没有显著影响;铜/海泡石对NOx有一定的催化还原性能,添加稀土后对其催化还原活性有明显促进作用.