基因芯片在环境毒理学研究中的应用进展

基因芯片可以将大量的DNA信息集成到 1cm2 左右的芯片上 ,对生命信息具有大规模平行处理的能力 ,为环境毒理学研究提供了一个理想的平台。基因芯片可以精确地完成污染物对人类基因表达影响的分析 ,并对污染物进行分类与分级 ,筛选毒物靶标和确定毒性机理。本文描述了基因芯片技术、毒理学应用研究现状及应用前景。引用文献 2 9篇。     

Soil Fertility Quality and Agricultural Sustainable Development in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

The black soil in northeast China is considered one of the most fertile soils in China. Consequently, the black soil region has become one of the most important regions for cereal grain production in China. Agriculture has developed rapidly since the early part of the nineteenth century. To date, approximately 70 percent of total land in the area is cultivated. Even though the agricultural production in this region is increasing continuously, some soil fertility quality problems have become serious. This is hampering agricultural development and sustainability in the region. A brief history of population growth and agricultural development in the region is presented. Major soil quality problems, particularly soil degradation and soil erosion, are analyzed. Based on studies, suggestions for improving soil quality and for promoting sustainable agricultural development in the region are presented. These suggestions include improving agricultural landscape patterns, developing conservation cultivation, promoting combinations of crop production with combinations of forestry and animal husbandry, and implementing integrated management for soil and water conservation.     

某厂办公楼裂缝原因分析及安全监测

对某厂办公楼裂缝产生的原因进行了分析 ,并对其沉降情况和墙体裂缝发展情况进行了监测 ,指出了某办公楼现状及其隐患发展的趋势     

根瘤菌、丛枝菌根（AM）真菌与宿主植物共生的分子机理

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌和根瘤菌是两类重要的共牛微生物,分别能够与宿主植物形成丛枝菌根和根瘤,其中,对二者共有的宿主植物--豆科植物而言,则能够形成AM真菌-豆科植物-根瘤菌三重共生体.两类微生物与宿主植物共生关系建立的关键是二者之间的相互识别以及随后的侵染,其相互识别过程就是它们相互交换信号分子、相互作用的过程,而这两类微生物与宿主植物的识别过程具有许多相似之处.本文就根瘤菌、AM真菌与宿主植物在分子水平上的共生机理进行了综述,在对宿主植物分泌信号分子识别的基础上,提出植物根系对两类微生物侵染的感应机制,分析了共生体形成过程中相关基因的转录与表达,进而阐明了共生体的形成过程,并对本领域的未来发展提出了建议.     

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals during cement stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in products of cement stabilization of fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator were investigated in this paper. The stabilization of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in fly ash from such incinerators was examined through the national standard method in China based on the following factors: additive quantity of cement and Na₂S, curing time, and pH of leaching liquor. The results showed that as more additives were used, less heavy metals were leached except for Pb, which is sensitive to pH of the leachate, and the worse effect was observed for Cd. The mass ratio of cement to fly ash = 10% is the most appropriate parameter according to the national standard method. When the hydration of cement was basically finished, stabilization of heavy metals did not vary after curing for 1 d. The mixtures of cement and fly ash had excellent adaptability to environmental pH. The pH of leachate was maintained at 7 when pH of leaching liquor varied from 3 to 11.     

微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的研究--以聚合氯化铝(PACl)为絮凝剂

研究了微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的工艺特征和效果.试验结果表明,微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮工艺去除水中腐殖酸时,在最佳投药点(PACl),出水水质符合纳滤系统预处理单元的要求,而且该工艺需要PACl絮凝剂的量较低.该预处理系统与纳滤系统组合的集成工艺可以使水中的腐殖酸浓度大大降低,且含TQ56-36FC型纳滤膜的流程1比含M-N1812A型纳滤膜的流程2效果好.前者出水的TOC值可达0.28～0.45mg·L-1,CODMn值为0.47～0.8mg·L-1,UV254nm值为0～0.0033,且有95%以上的脱盐率;后者出水的TOC值为0.52～1.25mg·L-1,CODMn值为0.66～1.0 mg·L-1,UV254nm值为0.008-0.012,脱盐率很低.另外,尽管保安过滤器/活性炭预处理有利于纳滤膜出水水质的提高,但活性炭柱与纳滤膜能去除的有机物种类有些重合,活性炭柱的存在也降低了纳滤膜对有机物的去除率.水中颗粒物的粒度分布表明,原水、絮凝后和气浮出水中颗粒物粒度分布的中位直径(d50)分别为5～6μm、10～14μm和8～13 μm.经过保安过滤器或保安过滤器/活性炭柱,水样中的颗粒物的d50为0到几个μm.经过纳滤膜后出水无颗粒物.     

颗粒物微界面吸附模型的分形修正--朗格缪尔(Langmuir)、弗伦德利希(Freundlich)和表面络合模型

运用分形理论修正了颗粒物微界面吸附模型,建立了朗格缪尔(Langmuir)、弗伦德利希(Freundlich)和表面络合模型的分形吸附等温线方程式．其中,朗格缪尔(Langmuir)吸附等温线的分形表达式为：Γ=ΓmCc^1/m／(b^m Cc^1/m),指数m与颗粒物表面分维Ds的关系如下：m∝ac^D/2-1∝ro^Do-2;表面络合模型的分形表达式为：Γ=ΓmCs^(n/x)/(b^(n/x) Cs^(n/x)),而且lgb=lg(ks／kb) pH,指数x／n与颗粒物表面分维Ds的关系如下：x／n∝0^D/2-1∝r0^D-2;相应的弗伦德利希(Freundlich)吸附等温线的分形形式分别为：Γ=(Γm／bm)Cs^1/n,Γ=(Γm／b^(x/n))Cr^(n/x),通过对献中的数据的模拟初步讨论了分形模型的适用性,结果表明,它们具有更接近于实际的描述微界面吸附过程的能力,通过lg(x／n)=lgk’ (Dn-2)lgro计算出土壤颗粒和尾矿砂颗粒的表面分形维数分别为2．42和2．72。     

流域生态补偿机制研究

由于流域生态服务的公共物品属性,政府需要建立流域生态补偿机制以提供足够的流域生态报务。本研究提出流域生态补偿机制的主要模式是公共支付体系,财政转移支付体系,自发组织的私人协议和自由贸易体系。模式的决定要素是流域尺度和产投明晰程度,其组成要素是补偿标准,实际补偿量,组织实施和竞争机制的使用．     

催化铁内电解-生化法处理印染废水

纺织印染废水水质变化大、色度高,直接生物处理难度大.采用催化铁内电解法对浙江某地区的印染废水进行预处理,有效地去除了对生物有抑制的有机物,为后续的生化处理创造了有利条件,COD_Cr去除率达到85%;过去难以解决的色度问题也得到了有效的解决,可去除废水色度90%以上.另外,简要探讨了金属粒径,pH,温度等因素对去除有机物的影响.近40 d的连续流试验证明,内电解-生化工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、工艺设备简单、操作管理方便、能耗低等特点,是处理印染废水的有效方法之一.