Degradation of sulfonamides antibiotics in lake water and sediment

Degradation of three sulfonamides (SAs), namely sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in surface water and sediments collected from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China was investigated in this study. The surface water (5–10 cm) was collected from the east region of Taihu Lake, China. Two sets of degradation experiments were conducted in 3-L glass bottles containing 2 L of fresh lake water and 100 μg/L of individual SAs aerated by bubbling air at a rate of approximately 1.2 L/min, one of which was sterilized by the addition of NaN₃ (0.1 %). Sediment samples were taken from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China. For the sediment experiment, 5 g of sediment were weighed into a 50-mL glass tube, with 10 mg/kg of individual SAs. Different experimental conditions including the sediment types, sterilization, light exposure, and redox condition were also considered in the experiments. The three SAs degraded in lake water with half-lives (t _1/2) of 10.5–12.9 days, and the half-lives increased significantly to 31.9–49.8 days in the sterilized water. SMZ and SDM were degraded by abiotic processes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments, and the different experimental conditions and sediments characteristics had no significant effect on their declines. SMX, however, was mainly transformed by facultative anaerobes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments under anaerobic conditions, and the degradation rate of SMX in non-sterile sediment (t _1/2 of 9.6–16.7 days) were higher than in sterilized sediment (t _1/2 of 18.7–135.9 days). Under abiotic conditions, degradation of SMX in Dianchi sediment was faster than in Taihu sediment, probably due to the higher organic matter content and inorganic photosensitizers concentrations in Dianchi sediment. High initial SAs concentration inhibited the SAs degradation, which was likely related to the inhibition of microorganism activities by high SAs levels in sediments. Results from this study could provide information on the persistence of commonly used sulfanomides antibiotics in lake environment.     

Application of zeolite-activated carbon macrocomposite for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, the adsorption behavior of azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solution onto macrocomposite (MC) was investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorbent, MC, which consists of a mixture of zeolite and activated carbon, was found to be effective in removing AO7. The MC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, point of zero charge, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. A series of experiments were performed via batch adsorption technique to examine the effect of the process variables, namely, contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution pH. The dye equilibrium adsorption was investigated, and the equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fits the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. For the kinetic study, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data. The adsorption kinetic was found to be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectral and high performance liquid chromatography analysis were carried out before and after the adsorption process. For the phytotoxicity test, treated AO7 was found to be less toxic. Thus, the study indicated that MC has good potential use as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye from aqueous solution.     

不同通风条件下密闭空间CO2泄漏及排散过程模拟研究

为了探究密闭空间内通风对气体泄漏扩散过程的影响,基于FLACS模拟软件,对密闭空间内CO2泄漏及排散过程进行模拟,探讨入风口、出风口相对位置对泄漏及排散过程的影响。研究结果表明:入风口高度与出风口高度越高,越有利于CO2气体排散,应急排散时间更短;入风口位于屋顶时,CO2排散效果最好。     

基于不同漏风源浅埋煤层采空区自燃“三带”分布规律研究*

为解决浅埋自燃煤层采空区因地表及工作面漏风而自燃的难题,以沙坪煤矿1818工作面为例,利用SF6示踪法检测采空区地表漏风通道和风速,利用FLUENT数值模拟分析不同漏风源采空区自燃“三带”分布的特征,并通过现场束管测试结果对比分析浅埋煤层采空区地表漏风对自燃“三带”分布的影响,同时限定工作面最小推进速度,确保工作面的安全生产。研究结果表明:地表漏风风速为0.06～0.30 m/s,漏风通道多且复杂;相比于工作面单一漏风源,有地表漏风存在时,自燃危险性加大;限定工作面最小推进速度为1.24 m/d。因此,多漏风源煤层开采条件下自燃“三带”分布的确定对浅埋藏自燃煤层采空区遗煤自燃预测预报及预防工作具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

Sonographic features of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome at 14 weeks

Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome is a rare inherited disorder. Previous reports suggest that the diagnosis may be based on prenatal sonographic demonstration of severe limb flexion, absence of fetal motion, and a large cystic hygroma in the second and third trimesters. We present the sonographic features and postmortem features of a fetus with lethal multiple pterygium syndrome at 13 weeks of gestation, which shows that the condition can possibly be diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of fetal gender on nuchal translucency at 10–14 weeks of gestation

Recent data have suggested that fetal nuchal translucency (NT) is affected by fetal gender. We investigated the size of this effect in 12 189 unselected pregnancies with known normal outcomes that had undergone NT measurements between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. NT increased with gestation and was converted to multiples of the median (MoM) for the gestational day. The median NT MoM (95% CI) for female fetuses was 0.98 (0.97–0.99). This was significantly lower than that of the male fetuses (1.03; range1.02–1.04) (p<0.0005; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The gender difference was not observed at 10 weeks but was observed from 11 weeks onwards. There is no obvious explanation for the above findings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-MS for determination of trace metals in atmospheric and lake ecosystem

The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans,aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season(before and after precipitation)between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction,solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore,there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc(133.50–419.30 μg/m~3)and aluminum(53.58–378.93 μg/m~3)had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation.On the other hand,the concentrations of zinc,aluminum,chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters(pH and turbidity)and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore,enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust,biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere.     

冬季Z市水源DOM组成、三卤甲烷生成势特性及去除研究

以冬季Z市水源地2条入库河流为研究对象,通过联合运用三维荧光光谱、树脂分离分级和紫外可见分光光度法,探究水源地原水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的荧光成分、来源、组成、腐殖化程度与消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)生成势的关系.结果表明:三维荧光光谱解析出水源地2条入库河流原水中共有类蛋白物质(C1)、紫外腐殖酸类物质(C2)、...     

土壤pH和Cd全量对伴矿景天修复效率的影响

修复效率是影响植物修复周期和技术推广的主要因素之一.采用不同pH和不同程度Cd污染农田土壤进行盆栽试验,其中,重度Cd污染土壤（简称"SKS处理"）中w（Cd）（Cd全量）高于GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中的风险管控值,中度Cd污染土壤（通过人为调节并稳定其pH为3.97、4.97、6.03、6.90和7.93）中w（Cd）介于GB 15618-2018风险筛选值和管控值之间,轻度Cd污染土壤（简称"YH处理"）中w（Cd）略高于GB 15618-2018风险筛选值;比较修复前后不同pH和不同程度Cd污染对土壤Cd有效性、形态分配及w（Cd）的影响,并结合PCA（主成分分析）和Pearson相关性分析等方法深入研究影响植物修复效率的主控因素.结果表明:①与修复前相比,不同pH处理修复后土壤中w（有效态Cd）、w（弱酸提取态Cd）、w（可还原态Cd）、w（可氧化态Cd）和w（Cd）的减少量均随pH的降低而增加,土壤pH ≤ 6.0时,伴矿景天修复效率显著高于土壤pH>6.0的处理（P <0.05）.②修复后,轻度Cd污染土壤中w（Cd）降至GB 15618-2018风险筛选值以下,中度Cd污染土壤pH ≤ 6.0的处理中w（Cd）降至0.60 mg/kg左右,而pH>6.0的处理中w（Cd）仍高于1.00 mg/kg.③重度Cd污染土壤中w（有效态Cd）最高,其伴矿景天生物量与轻度Cd污染土壤处理无显著差异,w（Cd）达681.5 mg/kg,但修复效率显著低于其他处理（P <0.05）.综合PCA和Pearson相关性分析发现,影响伴矿景天修复效率的主控因素除土壤pH、Cd有效性和伴矿景天生物量外,伴矿景天的BCF（富集系数）对修复效率也具有重要作用.因此,伴矿景天更适用于弱酸性、中度Cd污染和轻度Cd污染土壤;而对碱性或重度Cd污染土壤进行植物修复时,可适当延长修复周期或联合修复以提高其修复效率.