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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
21.
R. Xiao N. Takegawa Y. Kondo Y. Miyazaki T. Miyakawa M. Hu M. Shao L.M. Zeng A. Hofzumahaus F. Holland K. Lu N. Sugimoto Y. Zhao Y.H. Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(24):3754-3763
Size-resolved chemical compositions of non-refractory submicron aerosols were measured using a quadrupole Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer at a rural site near Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China in the summer of 2006. Two cases characterized as the outflows from the PRD urban region with plumes of high SO2 concentration were investigated. The evolution of sulfate size distributions was observed on a timescale of several hours. Namely mass concentrations of sulfate in the condensation mode (with vacuum aerodynamic diameters (Dva) < 300 nm) increased at a rate of about 0.17–0.37 ppbv h?1 during the daytime. This finding was consistent with the sulfuric acid production rates of about 0.17–0.3 ppbv h?1, as calculated from the observed gas-phase concentrations of OH (~3.3 × 106–1.7 × 107 cm?3) and SO2 (~3–21.2 ppbv). This implies that the growth of sulfate in the condensation mode was mainly due to gas-phase oxidation of SO2. The observed rapid increase was caused mainly by the concurrent high concentrations of OH and SO2 in the air mass. The evolution of the mass size distributions of m/z 44, a tracer for oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), was very similar to that of sulfate. The mass loadings of m/z 44 were strongly correlated with those of sulfate (r2 = 0.99) in the condensation mode, indicating that OOA might also be formed by the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors. It is likely that sulfate and OOA were internally mixed throughout the whole size range in the air mass. 相似文献
22.
Tomoki Nakayama Rie Hagino Yutaka Matsumi Yosuke Sakamoto Masahiro Kawasaki Akihiro Yamazaki Akihiro Uchiyama Rei Kudo Nobuhiro Moteki Yutaka Kondo Kenichi Tonokura 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(25):3034-3042
A highly sensitive cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) was used to monitor the aerosol extinction coefficient at 532 nm. The performance of the spectrometer was evaluated using measurements of nearly monodisperse polystyrene particles with diameters between 150 and 500 nm. By comparing the observed results with those determined using Mie theory, the accuracy of the CRDS instrument was determined to be >97%, while the upper limit for the precision of the instrument was estimated to be 0.6–3.5% (typically 2%), depending on the particle number concentration, which was in the range of 30–2300 particles cm?3. Simultaneous measurements of the extinction (bext), scattering (bsca) and absorption (babs) coefficients of ambient aerosols were performed in central Tokyo from 14 August to 2 September 2007 using the CRDS instrument, two nephelometers and a particle/soot absorption photometer (PSAP), respectively. The value of bext measured using the CRDS instrument was compared with the sum of the bsca and babs values measured with a nephelometer and a PSAP, respectively. Good agreement between the bext and bsca + babs values was obtained except for data on days when high ozone mixing ratios (>130 ppbv) were observed. During the high-O3 days, the values for bsca + babs were ~7% larger than the value for bext, possibly because the value for babs measured by the PSAP was overestimated due to interference from coexisting non-absorbing aerosols such as secondary organic aerosols. 相似文献
23.
Koji Yachiguchi Noriko Matsumoto Yuki Haga Motoharu Suzuki Chisato Matsumura Masahiro Tsurukawa Toshihiro Okuno Takeshi Nakano Kimi Kawabe Kei-ichiro Kitamura Akira Toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Masato Endo Atsuhiko Chiba Toshio Sekiguchi Masaki Nakano Yoshiaki Tabuchi Takashi Kondo Shigehito Wada Hiroyuki Mishima Atsuhiko Hattori Nobuo Suzuki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6365-6372
To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments. 相似文献
24.
25.
Microbial Poly(L-Lactide)-Degrading Enzyme Induced by Amino Acids, Peptides, and Poly(L-Amino Acids)
Amnat Jarerat Yutaka Tokiwa Hideo Tanaka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(3):139-146
Poly(L-lactide)(PLA)-degrading activities of a fungus, Tritirachium album, and two strains of actinomycetes,Lentzea waywayandensis and Amycolatopsis orientalis, were inducible by some proteins (poly-L-amino acid), peptides and amino acids. Extracellular PLA-degrading activity of the culture filtrates was detected when these strains grew in liquid basal medium containing 0.1% (w/v) of (poly-L-amino acids), peptides or amino acids as the enzyme inducer. In addition to PLA-degrading activity, succinyl-(L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine)-p-nitroanilide (Suc-(Ala)3-pNA)-degrading activity was observed, implying that the enzymes produced were protease-type. The enzyme activities produced varied between different strains and different inducers. Silk fibroin was the best inducer for A. orientalis and that elastin was the best inducer for L. waywayandensis and T. album. 相似文献
26.
The utility of HPLC with a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column for the fractionation of environmental samples was examined to expand the applicability of recombinant yeast assays (RYAs) for the measurement of estrogenic activity in environmental samples. The elution of steroidal hormone standards through SEC was tested, and river water and sediment samples were subjected to SEC fractionation. The retention times of all estrogen standards were longer than those of the major components with absorbance at 230 nm of the environmental sample matrix. The estrogenic activity of SEC fractions of environmental samples from highly polluted sites was measured using RYA and revealed the existence of estrogenic compounds that could not be detected or quantified in extracted samples before fractionation. The fractions from environmental samples that corresponded to the retention time of estrone, 17[small beta]-estradiol, and estriol were analyzed with LC/MS/MS. These three estrogens were separated into three different fractions, and the concentration of estrone coincided with the estrogenic activity of the fraction in which it was detected. The profile of estrogenic activity of SEC fractions indicated the molecular size of the estrogenic compounds and the yeast growth inhibitors in samples. 相似文献
27.
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho PCBs), and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, body length 10.4-36.6 cm) collected from Sendai Bay, Japan, were determined using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between the concentrations of these compounds (dioxins) and the body length of the Japanese flounder was examined. The total PCDD and total PCDF concentrations did not correlate with body length (both r(2) < 0.1, both p > 0.05), whereas the total non-ortho PCB and total mono-ortho PCB (coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, Co-PCBs) concentrations were significantly correlated (r(2)= 0.8, p < 0.05 and r(2)= 0.63, p < 0.05, respectively). The bioaccumulation properties of PCDD/Fs in Japanese flounder differed from those of Co-PCBs. Toxicity equivalency quotient (TEQ) values derived from the Co-PCBs made up 46.3%-63.7% of the total TEQ value for all the dioxins. Although the concentrations of non-ortho PCBs were lower than those of mono-ortho PCBs, the TEQ value for non-ortho PCBs was higher than that for mono-ortho PCBs. The TEQ value for non-ortho PCBs increased more with increasing body length than did the values for PCDDs, PCDFs, and mono-ortho PCBs. These results show that from the standpoint of risk management, non-ortho Co-PCBs are the most important of the dioxins in Japanese flounder. 相似文献
28.
The emission of waste in an economy, including landfill, is to a large extent determined by its patterns of technology, institutions,
and lifestyle. A mathematical model (the waste input–output model) is presented that gives a simple analytical representation
of this interdependence. The model was used to evaluate the effects of alternative waste disposal and recycling options on
the levels of industrial production, landfill consumption, and the emission of carbon dioxide, and also to analyze the overall
dependence on landfill of individual industries. It was found that a systematic combination of the options could be effective
in reducing the overall landfill consumption and carbon dioxide emission.
Received: November 4, 2000 / Accepted: August 2, 2001 相似文献
29.
Uda M Sassa S Taniguchi K Nomura S Yoshimura S Kondo J Iskander N Zaghloul B 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2000,87(6):260-263
Some of the pigments painted on the Funerary Stele of Amenemhat (ca. 2000 B.C.) exhibited at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo and
on the walls of the Tomb of Userhat (ca. 1450 B.C.), a rock-cut tomb in Thebes, Egypt, were investigated in situ using both
a convenient home-made hand-held type of X-ray diffractometer and a commercial X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in a complementary
way under touch-free conditions. CaCO3 · 3MgCO3 (huntite) was found in the white-painted parts of these two ancient monuments. An arsenic (As)-bearing phase was detected
in the yellow-painted parts of the latter monument. The occurrence of huntite in Egypt has not been reported previously.
Received: 8 October 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 10 March 2000 相似文献
30.