首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1357篇
  免费   74篇
  国内免费   530篇
安全科学   92篇
废物处理   60篇
环保管理   149篇
综合类   729篇
基础理论   244篇
污染及防治   486篇
评价与监测   83篇
社会与环境   58篇
灾害及防治   60篇
  2024年   5篇
  2023年   28篇
  2022年   85篇
  2021年   64篇
  2020年   62篇
  2019年   53篇
  2018年   65篇
  2017年   81篇
  2016年   72篇
  2015年   83篇
  2014年   98篇
  2013年   132篇
  2012年   116篇
  2011年   137篇
  2010年   85篇
  2009年   88篇
  2008年   83篇
  2007年   76篇
  2006年   85篇
  2005年   60篇
  2004年   42篇
  2003年   33篇
  2002年   53篇
  2001年   38篇
  2000年   47篇
  1999年   37篇
  1998年   19篇
  1997年   27篇
  1996年   15篇
  1995年   17篇
  1994年   11篇
  1993年   20篇
  1992年   11篇
  1991年   10篇
  1990年   4篇
  1989年   3篇
  1988年   2篇
  1987年   4篇
  1986年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
  1983年   2篇
  1982年   2篇
  1973年   1篇
  1958年   1篇
  1920年   1篇
  1919年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1961条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
粘土矿物对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的吸附行为   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘光明  尹大强 《生态环境》2008,17(2):593-597
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEOn)是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂,广泛地应用于工业、农业和日常生活中.近年来,由于其生物代谢产物被证实具有较大的毒性,因此引起人们广泛关注.文章使用自然界广泛存在的天然蒙脱土对APEOn类物质NP9、NP10、TX-100进行吸附,该技术可为使用粘土矿物去除此类污染物提供理论依据.研究结果表明:APEOn在蒙脱土上有较高的吸附量,吸附等温线为S型,符合Langmuir-Freundlich吸附模型,吸附量大小为NP9>NP10>TX-100.温度对吸附的影响较大,在小于40 ℃时,升高温度吸附量减小,而当温度超过40 ℃时,升高温度则有利于吸附的进行.pH值对吸附的影响较小.吸附动力学拟合结果表明,APEOn在蒙脱土上的吸附符合假二级反应动力学,在初始质量浓度为300 mg·L-1时,NP9、NP10、TX-100的吸附速率常数分别为0.377、0.126、0.085 g·mg-1·min-1.解吸实验表明,在纯水中APEOn从蒙脱土上的解吸率并不大,但在乙醇溶液中,解吸率大大提高.  相似文献   
142.
为探究地表水体与沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布特征和生态风险,选择天津市3个水源地与6条主要河流,采集了26个地表水样与6个沉积物样品,利用固相萃取与超声萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了水样及沉积物中1-萘酚(1-naphthol)、壬基酚(nonylphenol, NP)、双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)、2-苯基苯酚(biphenyl-2-ol)、3,4-二氯酚(3,4-dichlorophenol)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)和对叔丁基苯酚(p-tert-butylphenol, PTBP)等7种高关注酚类化合物的浓度水平,并应用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)法和熵值法(ecological risk quotient, RQ)评估7种酚类化合物水环境和沉积物的生态风险。结果表明,地表水样中7种酚类化合物均全部检出;其中壬基酚的检出浓度最高,其次为四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A。沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布规律与水样相似,除双酚A外的目标物全部检出。其中,壬基酚浓度比其他物质浓度高2个数量级。风险评估结果显示,壬基酚对水环境与沉积物存在不可接受的风险;而四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A则对环境具有较低风险或者存在一定的风险。  相似文献   
143.
通过对10项主要内容进行问卷调查,了解湖南环境生物职业技术学院学生的英语学习情况,分析非智力因素对高职英语教学的影响,并就如何发挥非智力因素的能动性提出相应的策略,以促进英语教学质量的提高.表1,参6.  相似文献   
144.
以联苯和萘为研究目标,分别进行了厌氧污泥对这两种有机物单独及混合存在条件下的吸附试验,并考察了双模式模型(分配作用加表面吸附)对厌氧污泥吸附有机物的适用性.研究发现,联苯或萘单独存在时,厌氧污泥对其吸附的实验结果与双模式模型基本吻合;当两种物质同时存在时,实验结果表明在竞争溶质浓度较低的情况下,较低浓度联苯和萘没有表现出明显的竞争作用.此外,还考察了高含盐量对厌氧污泥吸附萘及联苯性能的影响,发现含盐量对其影响不显著,双模式模型在高含盐量的情况下仍然适用.  相似文献   
145.
十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参幼参的急性毒性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探究表面活性剂对海洋棘皮动物的影响,测定了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参(Stichopus japonicas)幼参的急性毒性。结果显示,SDS对刺参幼参的72h-LC_(50)和96h-LC_(50)分别为15.03和10.89mg·L~(-1)。刺参幼参相对于常见的几种水生生物对SDS的敏感性较高,其生命周期较长,活动能力较弱,生活相对固定于一定的区域,因此,在监测海洋水体SDS污染时,刺参幼参是一种值得关注的生物。  相似文献   
146.
Alternative stable states in shallow lakes are typically characterized by submerged macrophyte (clear-water state) or phytoplankton (turbid state) dominance. However, a clear-water state may occur in eutrophic lakes even when macrophytes are absent. To test whether sediment algae could cause a regime shift in the absence of macrophytes, we developed a model of benthic (periphyton) and planktonic (phytoplankton) primary production using parameters derived from a shallow macrophyte-free lake that shifted from a turbid to a clear-water state following fish removal (biomanipulation). The model includes a negative feedback effect of periphyton on phosphorus (P) release from sediments. This in turn induces a positive feedback between phytoplankton production and P release. Scenarios incorporating a gradient of external P loading rates revealed that (1) periphyton and phytoplankton both contributed substantially to whole-lake production over a broad range of external P loading in a clear-water state; (2) during the clear-water state, the loss of benthic production was gradually replaced by phytoplankton production, leaving whole-lake production largely unchanged; (3) the responses of lakes to biomanipulation and increased external P loading were both dependent on lake morphometry; and (4) the capacity of periphyton to buffer the effects of increased external P loading and maintain a clear-water state was highly sensitive to relationships between light availability at the sediment surface and the of P release. Our model suggests a mechanism for the persistence of alternative states in shallow macrophyte-free lakes and demonstrates that regime shifts may trigger profound changes in ecosystem structure and function.  相似文献   
147.
Caplat P  Nathan R  Buckley YM 《Ecology》2012,93(2):368-377
Little is known about the relative importance of mechanistic drivers of plant spread, particularly when long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur. Most methods to date approach LDD phenomenologically, and all mechanistic models, with one exception, have been implemented through simulation. Furthermore, the few recent mechanistically derived spread models have examined the relative role of different dispersal parameters using simulations, and a formal analytical approach has not yet been implemented. Here we incorporate an analytical mechanistic wind dispersal model (WALD) into a demographic matrix model within an analytical integrodifference equation spread model. We carry out analytical perturbation analysis on the combined model to determine the relative effects of dispersal and demographic traits and wind statistics on the spread of an invasive tree. Models are parameterized using data collected in situ and tested using independent data on historical spread. Predicted spread rates and direction match well the two historical phases of observed spread. Seed terminal velocity has the greatest potential influence on spread rate, and three wind properties (turbulence coefficient, mean horizontal wind speed, and standard deviation of vertical wind speed) are also important. Fecundity has marginal importance for spread rate, but juvenile survival and establishment are consistently important. This coupled empirical/theoretical framework enables prediction of plant spread rate and direction using fundamental dispersal and demographic parameters and identifies the traits and environmental conditions that facilitate spread. The development of an analytical perturbation analysis for a mechanistic spread model will enable multispecies comparative studies to be easily implemented in the future.  相似文献   
148.
The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron was investigated in continuous long-term fixed bed system. The effects of pH, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and initial Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction were studied. The results showed that the pH, EBCT, and initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly affected the reduction capacity of scrap iron. The reduction capacity of scrap iron were 4.56, 1.51, and 0.57 mg Cr(VI)·g-1 Fe0 at pH 3, 5, and 7 (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L-1, EBCT 2 min, and temperature 25°C), 0.51, 1.51, and 2.85 mg Cr(VI)·g-1 Fe0 at EBCTs of 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L-1, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), and 2.99, 1.51, and 1.01 mg Cr(VI)·g-1 Fe0 at influent concentrations of 1, 4, and 8 mg·L-1 (EBCT 2 min, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), respectively. Fe(total) concentration in the column effluent continuously decreased in time, due to a decrease in time of the iron corrosion rate. The fixed bed reactor can be readily used for the treatment of drinking water containing low amounts of Cr(VI) ions, although the hardness and humic acid in water may shorten the lifetime of the reactor, the reduction capacity of scrap iron still achieved 1.98 mg Cr6+·g-1 Fe. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction were conducted to examine the surface species of the scrap iron before and after its use. In addition to iron oxides and hydroxide species, iron-chromium complex was also observed on the reacted scrap iron.  相似文献   
149.
This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change.  相似文献   
150.
为了对春剑野生种群生物多样性保护和再引入生态重建提供理论和技术基础,采用典型样地调查法,对川东平行岭谷区野生春剑伴生植物群落特征进行了研究。结果表明:野生春剑主要分布在松科与壳斗科针阔混交林、壳斗科常绿 落叶阔叶混交林和松树林植物群落,伴生植物有40科58属70种,优势种主要是乔木层的马尾松、青冈、巴山松、油松等,灌木层的杜鹃花、马桑、山茶花等,草本层的蕨类和地被层的苔藓。其中,马尾松、杜鹃花、蕨类、苔藓具有较高的重要值,可作为野生春剑栖息地的指示植物。春剑伴生植物种类具有相对的特异性和选择性,与其它群落相比,群落3、群落4和群落6物种多样性指数H′和均匀度指数E都相对较低,松科和壳斗科植物个体数量较多并占有突出地位,春剑种群的生态密度也相对较高。虽然川东平行岭谷区野生春剑的适生生境条件依然存在,但春剑种群数量总体较小,种群的生态密度在11~60株/hm2,人为破坏性的滥采,是其濒危的直接原因。加强野生春剑资源的就地保护和生境保护,突破春剑种子野生环境共生萌发技术瓶颈,积极开展春剑的“再引入”工作,是春剑保育策略的重要方向  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号