TTC－脱氢酶活性检测方法的研究

以好氧消化污泥为材料，对影响脱氢酶活性测定的样品前处理、生化培养、酶反应终止剂、三苯基甲Ｚａ（ＴＦ）苯取剂以及萃取条件等问题进行了系统地研究，进而提出了检测脱氢酶活性的常温萃取测定法。这种方法已在剩余污泥好氧消化处理、生物转盘处理生物制品废水以及陶粒柱反应器低温生物预处理饮用水等研究中应用，效果良好。     

改性ACF－PAN吸附SO_2前后表面结构变化及机机理究

以自制ＰＡＮ－基聚丙烯腈活性碳纤维ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ（ＡＣＦ－活性碳纤维、ＰＡＮ－聚丙烯腈）和改性处理的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ吸附ＳＯ_２，借助ＩＲ、ｘ－光电子能谱分析等研究ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ改性处理及吸附ＳＯ_２前后表面结构变化。结果表明：各型ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ吸附ＳＯ_２的活性中心为表面结构中的含氮官能团以及引入的金属氧化物，其吸附机理是活性氮催化或电子传递。     

皖南茶叶中硒的来源和浸出率

分布特征和相关性分析表明皖南茶叶中的硒来源于石煤.皖南茶叶的较高硒含量平均值为0.4ug/g,硒浸出率低于30%,因此实际上补硒的价值不高.硒的来源警示石煤中的有害元素也可能转移到茶叶中.     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

煤矿酸性矿井水的形成及主要处理技术

酸性矿井水是煤矿区环境地质灾害的一种重要类型。煤矿酸性矿井水是煤矿开采中由于硫铁矿与空气、水接触,在微生物作用下经过一系列地球化学反应产生的一种危害矿井生产、破坏生态环境的有害矿井排水。文章首先分析了酸性矿井水的形成机理,然后从酸性矿井水的危害入手,分析评价酸性矿井水各种处理方法的优缺点,并对酸性矿井水的处理技术进行总结,最后展望酸性矿井水处理的未来发展方向。     

关于小城镇环保工作的几点思考

发展小城镇是带动农村经济和社会发展的大战略。探讨了小城镇建设中加强环保工作的重点，提出了相应的措施保障。     

Water quality test based on dielectrophoretic measurements of fresh water algae Selenastrum capricornutum

A method is described whereby dielectrophoresis of algal cells is used to perform rapid water quality analysis, specifically detecting the presence of CuSO4. The dielectric collection spectrum of the fresh water alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined for a range of concentrations of CuSO4 from 25 mg L(-1) to 0.25 mg L(-1) for exposure times of 15 min and 18 h. In all cases increasing the concentration of CuSO4 reduced cell collection, but a step reduction was observed in collection between 2 mg L(-1) and 5 mg L(-1). This method has potential for forming a rapid, low-cost test for water quality with broad specificity and significantly reduced analysis time compared to current methods.     

Biosorption properties of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. The EPS were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. Biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of EPS was investigated as a function of pH using differential pulse polarography and the Ruzic model. Results showed that the EPS biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i?=?f(C _M) or the method proposed by Ruzic (Analytica Chimica Acta 140:99–113, 1982) were coincident. Cu(II) had the highest affinity with EPS followed by Pb(II) and Cd(II). The total number of binding sites for Cu(II) and Cd(II) increased with pH in the range of 4.0–7.0. Similar trend was observed for Pb(II) at pH?4.0–5.0, while precipitates were observed at pH?6.0 and 7.0. The conditional binding constants of these three metals displayed low levels of fluctuation with pH and ranged from 4.02?±?0.02 to 5.54?±?0.05.     

Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and biota from the Zha Long Wetland, China

In this paper, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in biota (reed, grass, mussel, fish, and red-crowned crane) and sediments collected from seven locations in the Zha Long Wetland. PAHs were recovered from the sediments and biota by ultrasonic extraction and then analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total PAH concentrations were 244–713 ng/g dw in sediments, 82.8–415 ng/g dw in plants and 207–4,780 ng/g dw in animals. The total sediment PAH concentrations were categorized as lower to moderate contamination compared with other regions of China and the world. In the plant samples, the accumulation abilities of reed roots and stems for PAHs were higher than those of grass roots. In addition, the concentration of individual PAHs in mussel muscles was the highest in all of the animal samples, followed by fish, feeding crane fetuses, and wild crane fetuses. Compositional analysis suggests that the PAHs in the sediments from the Zha Long Wetland were derived from incomplete biomass combustion. Risk assessment shows that the levels of PAHs in sediments are mostly lower than the effects range mean value (effects range mean), whereas only naphthalene in all sample sites was higher than the effects range low value. It is worthwhile to note that benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene were detected in crane fetal, which have potential carcinogenicity for organisms from the Zha Long Wetland.     

基于BP神经网络的盘管泄漏检测方法研究

针对单一阈值不能适用于多变工况条件的问题,采用动态阈值修正的流量平衡法与神经网络法相结合的新方法检测反应釜内冷却水盘管泄漏.通过盘管泄漏模拟试验,研究工况变化与泄漏时盘管进出口流量的变化情况.从流量信号中提取盘管泄漏的特征指标构造出神经网络输入矩阵,通过使用大量试验数据对BP神经网络进行训练,对比不同结构的网络训练误差结果,确定其网络结构,建立对盘管运行状况进行分类的BP神经网络模型.试验证明,这种方法能有效检测出盘管泄漏.