Effect of orchard age on soil nitrogen transformation in subtropical China and implications

A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a ¹⁵N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil pH along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amoA gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity (defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization) increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO₃⁻ consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO₃⁻ loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.     

空气净化器去除细粒子性能实验研究

对空气净化器去除细粒子的性能进行实验研究。结果表明,不同粒径区间颗粒物的洁净空气量(CADR)相差很大;降低空气净化器的运行风量,0.3~0.5μm颗粒物一次通过效率减小,0.5~3μm颗粒物一次通过效率不变;延长测试时间会对不同粒径区间颗粒物洁净空气量的测量结果产生不同影响。     

基于OMI数据的青岛市酸沉降通量估算

针对地面监测点位过少,不能满足大区域范围土壤酸沉降通量研究需求的现状,建立了基于OMI痕量气体遥感数据和地面观测数据的区域酸沉降通量估算方法,并对青岛市硫元素和氮元素沉降通量进行了估算。结果表明,新方法能够实现大区域范围土壤酸沉降通量的估算。与传统估算方法相比,新方法采用大气痕量气体遥感监测数据,是对酸沉降通量常规研究手段的有益补充。     

低动力复合净水系统净化生态农庄景观池水质

采用生物填料、阿科蔓生态基和生态浮盆等材料构建低动力复合净水系统(LCWPS)进行生态农庄人工景观池水质净化技术示范研究。系统稳定运行后的周年监测结果表明,整体系统使人工景观池的CODMn、TN、NH4+-N、TP和浊度分别下降61.1%～62.8%、36.0%～39.9%、14.3%～35.7%、66.7%～79.5%和76.8%～79.8%,水质溶解氧浓度(DO)上升72.7%～126.0%,景观池水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中景观水域需要的V类水质标准,并能长期保持稳定。从管理维护成本角度考虑,利用LCWPS净化生态农庄人工景观池水质能达到节能节水的目的。     

不同风压下炼钢厂煤气泄漏扩散研究

探索在不同风压下炼钢厂工作车间煤气泄漏的扩散规律。采用大涡模拟模型进行扩散模拟。模拟结果显示,随着通风压力的增加,CO在呼吸带的浓度降低得更快,特别是在泄漏停止后,通风压力的增加,使空气对流加快,新空气的进入使CO得到迅速稀释。     

山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系探讨

将生态环境承载力划分为资源承载力、环境承载力、循环经济水平和经济社会支持能力四部分,结合山东省生态环境现状,根据指标体系建立的原则,选用了57项评价指标,分层次构建了山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系.其中,资源承载力选用生物资源、水资源等5大类共10项指标;环境承载力选用地表水、近岸海域等5大类共9项指标;循环经济水平选用资源产出水平、资源消耗水平等4大类共18项指标;经济社会支持能力选用人口数量与素质水平、经济发展水平等7大类共20项指标.     

微波/活性炭/双氧水协同降解甲基红废水的研究

对微波/活性炭/双氧水联合降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究。考察了活性炭量、双氧水量、甲基红初始浓度、微波功率、pH以及处理时间等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响。结果表明，对于100 mL 100 mg/L甲基红溶液，当加入0.5 g活性炭，1 mL 30%H₂O₂，调节微波功率至680 W，反应25 min后，甲基红降解率达到81.87%。通过对比试验，发现微波、活性炭及双氧水对甲基红的降解起协同作用。     

遂宁市创建国家环保模范城市进程中的思索

通过介绍遂宁绿色发展到创建国家环保模范城市,回顾遂宁市开展的一些比较有借鉴意义的创模工作,由此实现了创模带来的社会、经济效益,同时也展现如何在创建中攻克薄弱环节。最后再结合遂宁市在创建过程中遇到的实际问题,总结提出了有借鉴性、针对性和有效性的对策和建议。